important flashcards for liv

Question 1

monocular cue

Answer 1

determines distance

Question 2

binocular cue

Answer 2

relative positions

Question 3

type p cells

Answer 3

color sensitive, slow adapting

Question 4

type m cells

Answer 4

motion, fast adapting

Question 5

dorsal stream

Answer 5

where pathway

V1 to V2 to V3 (shapes) to V5 (movements) to parietal lobe

Question 6

ventral stream

Answer 6

what pathway

V1 to V2 to V3 (dynamic shapes) to V4 (colors and shapes) to temporal lobe

Question 7

inferior temporal

Answer 7

form and color

facial recognition

Question 8

cochlear nuclei

Answer 8

unilateral; secondary neurons respond from one ear

Question 9

superior olive

Answer 9

bilateral input; cochlear sends input to left and right

Question 10

inferior colliculus

Answer 10

auditory reflexes

Question 11

medial geniculate body

Answer 11

auditory processing

Question 12

loudness difference

Answer 12

above 3kHz

Question 13

time difference

Answer 13

below 3kHz

Question 14

brainstem (indirect) pathway

Answer 14

subcortical

axial and proximal muscles for posture and equilibrium

reticulospinal, rubrospinal, tectospinal, vestibulospinal

Question 15

corticospinal pathway

Answer 15

pyramidal

fine and rapid movements of distal extremeties

lateral corticospinal, anterior corticospinal, corticobulbar

Question 16

reticulospinal

Answer 16

balance and posture

Question 17

rubrospinal

Answer 17

limb movements (leg and arm)

Question 18

tectospinal

Answer 18

eye and head movement

Question 19

vestibulospinal

Answer 19

balance and posture

Question 20

lateral corticospinal

Answer 20

skilled movements in fingers

Question 21

anterior corticospinal

Answer 21

axial muscles; extra source of control

Question 22

corticobulbar

Answer 22

head and neck movements

Question 23

dorsolateral

Answer 23

lateral corticospinal, rubrospinal

Question 24

ventromedial

Answer 24

reticulo, vestibulo, anterior cortico, tecto

Question 25

primary motor cortex

Answer 25

direction and speed

sends go signal

Question 26

secondary motor areas

Answer 26

planning/ goal trajectory

SMA and premotor

Question 27

SMA

Answer 27

bilateral movement

Question 28

premotor

Answer 28

mirror neurons

Question 29

association areas

Answer 29

prefrontal, parietal

Question 30

parietal cortex

Answer 30

goal / target location, hand-eye coordination

Question 31

nicotinic receptors

Answer 31

ionic

always excitatory
autonomic ganglia for both divisions

Question 32

muscarinic receptors

Answer 32

metabotropic

target organs of parasympathetic

Question 33

alpha 1

Answer 33

smooth muscle constriction
Gq

(increase in BP, vasoconstriction)

Question 34

alpha 2

Answer 34

Gi

secretion inhibition

Question 35

beta 1

Answer 35

Gs

increased heart rate and contractility

Question 36

beta 2

Answer 36

Gs

smooth muscle relaxation
vasodilation

Question 37

beta 3

Answer 37

Gs

enhance lipolysis

Question 38

norepinephrine

Answer 38

a1, a2, b1, b3

Question 39

epinephrine

Answer 39

a1, a2, b1, b2

Question 40

primary capillary plexus

Answer 40

in median eminence, delivers RH from hypothalamus to pituitary

Question 41

portal vein

Answer 41

connects plexuses

Question 42

secondary capillary plexus

Answer 42

delivers tropic hormone

Question 43

jugular vein

Answer 43

receives tropic hormones