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FA-Immunology > Important cytokines > Flashcards

Important cytokines Flashcards

1
Q

What cytokines are secreted by:

  • Macrophages
  • Tcells
  • Th1 cells
  • Th2 cells
A

What cytokines are secreted by:

  • Macrophages: IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, TNF-alpha
  • Tcells: IL-2, IL-3
  • Th1 cells: INF-gamma
  • Th2 cells: IL-4, IL-5, IL-10
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2
Q

Hot T-bone stEAK

  • memory aid for cytokines*
  • IL-1- to IL-6*
A

Hot T-bone stEAK

  • IL-1: fever (hot)
  • IL-2: stimulates Tcells
  • IL-3: stimulates bone marrow
  • IL-4: stimulates IgE production
  • IL-5: stimulates IgA production
  • IL-6: stimulates aKute phase protein production
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3
Q

Macrophages: IL-1

  • What is it?
  • What does it do?
  • What does it activate?
  • What does it induce?
A

Macrophages: IL-1

  • What is it? endogenous pyrogen (osteoclast activating factor)
  • **What does it do? **Causes fever acute inflammation
  • What does it activate? activates endothelium to express adhesion molecules
  • What does it induce? induces chemokine secretion to recruit leukocytes.
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4
Q

Macrophages: IL-6

  • What is it?
  • Secreted by who else?
  • What does it cause?
  • What does it stimulates?
A

Macrophages: IL-6

  • What is it? endogenous pyrogen
  • Secreted by who else? Th2 cells
  • What does it cause? causes fever
  • What does it stimulates? production of acute phase proteins
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5
Q

Macrophages: IL-8

What does it do?

A

Macrophages: IL-8

  • **What does it do? **major chemotactic factor for neutrophils
  • Clean up on aisle 8*
  • Neutrophils are recurited by IL-8 to clear infections*
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6
Q

Macrophages: IL-12

  • What does it do? (2 things)
  • Secreted by who else?
A

Macrophages: IL-12

  • What does it do?
    • induces differentiation of T cells into Th1 cells
    • Activates NK cells
  • Secreted by who else?
    • B cells
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7
Q

Macrophages: TNF-alpha

  • What does it do? (3 things)
A

Macrophages: TNF-alpha

  • What does it do?
    • Mediates septic shock
    • Activates endothelium
    • Causes leukocyte recruitment, vascular leak.
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8
Q

T cells: IL-2

  • Stimulates growth of?
A

T cells: IL-2

  • Stimulates growth of?
    • Helper T cells
    • Cytotoxic T cells
    • Regulatory T cells
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9
Q

T cells: IL-3

  • Supports growth and differentiation of what?
  • Functions like?
A

T cells: IL-3

  • Supports growth and differentiation of what?
    • bone marrow stem cells
  • Functions like?
    • GM-CSF
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10
Q

Th1 cells: Interferon gamma

  • What type of properties does it have?
  • Activates what type of cells?
  • Increases what 2 things in all cells?
A

Th1 cells: Interferon gamma

  • What type of properties does it have?
    • antiviral and antitumor properties
  • Activates what type of cells?
    • NK cells to kill virus-infected cells
  • Increases what 2 things in all cells?
    • MHC expression and APC (antigen presention)
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11
Q

Th2 cells: IL-4

  • Induces differentiation into what?
  • Promotes growth of what?
  • enhances class switching of what to what?
A

Th2 cells: IL-4

  • Induces differentiation into what?
    • Th2 cells
  • Promotes growth of what?
    • B cells
  • Enhances class switching from what to what?
    • IgM –> IgE or IgG
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12
Q

Th2 cells: IL-5

  • Promotes differentation of what?
  • Enhances class switching to what?
  • stimulates the growth and differentation of what?
A

Th2 cells: IL-5

  • Promotes differentation of what?
    • B cells
  • Enhances class switching to what?
    • IgA
  • stimulates the growth and differentation of what?
    • Eosinophils
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13
Q

Th2 cells: IL-10

  • modulates what?
  • Inhibits actions of what type of cells
  • secreted by who else?
A

Th2 cells: IL-10

  • Modulates what?
    • inflammtory resposne
  • Inhibits actions of what type of cells
    • activated T cells
    • Th1 cells
  • secreted by who else?
    • reg T cells
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14
Q

Interferon alpha and beta

  • A part of innat host defense against what?
  • what are they?
  • When a virus infects ‘primed cells’ viral dsRNA activates what 2 things (and what are they for?)
  • Essentially results in what?
A

Interferon alpha and beta

  • A part of innat host defense against what?
    • RNA and DNA viruses
  • what are they?
    • glycoprotein synthesized by viral-infected cells, priming them for viral defense
  • When a virus infects ‘primed cells’ viral dsRNA activates what 2 things (and what are they for?)
    • RNAase L: degradation of viral/host mRNA
    • Protein Kinase: inhibition of viral/host protien synthesis
  • Essentially results in what?
    • apoptosis thereby interrupting viral amplifaction
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15
Q

Cell surface proteins

what is unique about all cells?

A

all cells except mature RBCs have MHC I

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16
Q

Cell surface proteins: T cells

  • All T cells have
  • Helper T cells
  • Cytotoxic T cells
A

Cell surface proteins: T cells

  • all T cells
    • **TCR: **binds antigen-MHC complex
    • **CD3: **associated with TCR for signal transduction
    • **CD28: **binds B7 on APC
  • Helper T cells
    • CD4 and CD40L
  • Cytotoxic T cells
    • CD8
17
Q

Cell surface proteins: B cells

Id all the surface proteins

A

Cell surface proteins: B cells

  • Ig (binds antigen)
  • CD19, 20, 21 (receptor for EBV),
  • CD 40
  • MHC II, B7
18
Q

Cell surface proteins: Macrophages

Id all of the surface proteins

A

Cell surface proteins: Macrophages

  • CD14, CD40
  • MHC II, B7 (also found on B cells)
  • Fc and C3b receptors (enhaced phagocytosis)
19
Q

Cell surface proteins: NK cells

ID all of the surface proteins

A

Cell surface proteins: NK cells

  • CD16 (binds Fc of IgG)
  • CD56 (unique marker for NK cells)
20
Q

Define Anergy

A

Anergy

  • self-reactive T cells become nonreactive without costimulator molecule
  • B cells also become anergic, but tolerance is less complete than in T cells.
21
Q

What are the effects of bacterial toxins?

2 arching classes

A

What are the effects of bacterial toxins?

  • Superantigens (S. pyogens & S. aures)
    • cross-link the Beta region of the T-cell receptor to the MHC class II on APCs.
    • Can activate any T cell, leading to massive release of cytokine
  • Endotoxins/lipopolysaccharide (gram-negative bacteria)
    • directly stimulate macrophages by binding to endotoxin receptor CD14
    • Th cells are not involved

FA-Immunology (13 decks)

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