Importance Flashcards
Why did more social people (young people and families) survive more in the Donner Party? (4)
Resources shared
Labour was divided
Weak were assisted
Being in groups w/ loved ones increased resolved to stay alive
Human connection is a fundamental need. What conditions does it need to meet? (4)
Naturally motivated to pursue it (and avoid being deprived of it)
- Can happen spontaneously (birth, ingroup bias) and in adverse conditions
- We form parasocial relationships and anthropomorphize
- Hard to end relationships
Deprivation has consequences
- String predictor of mortality, loneliness causes reduced health
- Married couples healthier (including same sex)
Can be satiated
- If belongingness needs aren’t met, we’re more willing to stay w/ people who display positive emotions and help others more
Should see it across all cultures
- Ppl naturally form groups across all cultures
- Distress when relationships end is universal
- No evidence showing ppl are happier and healthier when single
What is Dunbar’s number?
150
(Cognitive limit to the number of people one can have stable social relationships with)
John Bowlby’s attachement theory
- What is it + what is its evolutionary function?
- Attachment process (3)
Innate tendency to form bonds w/ others and become distressed if they’re unavailable
- To keep caregivers close to infants, increasing survival + regulate infant’s emotional distress and restore security
Proximity maintenance: Staying near, resisting separations
Safe haven: Turning to for comfort, support, reassurance
Secure base: Using as a base from which to engage in non-attachment behav
Siblings serve as what:
- At first
- Later on
Threat to maternal attachment bond
Additional attachment figures
- Esp if sibling us older or primary attachment figure not available
- Helps us learn how to be cared for and care for others (understand other people’s POVs and manage anger)
As children get older, relationships w/ siblings become? (2)
Why does spacing and birth order matter?
More egalitarian
Less intense (in conflict and warmth)
Wider space - More nurturance (older), affection and admiration (younger)
Narrower space - More dominance (older), quarrelling and antagonism (by both)
Sibling relationships in adulthood if:
- More contact
- More obligatory contact
- More voluntary contact
Emotionally closer
Feel more responsible for sib
Live closer
Don’t have children (living w/ them instead)
Have fewer sibs
Live farther away
Study: Does having siblings provide practice w/ social skills important for late friendships?
- Named classmates they liked least, most + friends and friendship quality
Differed on social preference and acceptance (only child lowest, second borns highest)
- Only children less socially competent but only in ability to be liked by larger peer group
But same in number of friendships and quality
Study: Do popularity diffs between only children and children w/ siblings persist beyond childhood?
- Looked at sib info, number of friendship nominations
No association between variables
- But having older sibs assoc w/ more friendship nominations
Deficits in social skills in childhood in only children don’t exist in adolescence
- But younger sibs may have advantage compared to older and only child
How do rudimentary friendships grow in complexity from:
- Elementary school
- Preadolescence
- Adolescence
- Young adulthood
- Midlife (dyadic withdrawal)
- Old age (socioemotional selectivity theory)
Basic connections, focusing on acceptance
Intimate connections, focus on age and interest similarity
Spend less time with fam and more with peers
- Turn to friends for attachment needs
Interact w/ fewer friends, but friendships become deeper and more interdependent
Dyadic withdrawal: Couple focuses on own relationships
- Focus on friends couple has in common
Smaller social networks (same close friends, fewer casual friends)
- Socioemotional selectivity theory: Younger adults have more future-oriented goals; Older adults more oriented to present
