Imperialism Unit 4 Study Guide Flashcards
What was the main impact of the 2nd Agricultural Revolution?
Increase the population which created a surplus of workers
What does Crop rotation allow farmers to do?
allowed farmers to “rotate” a series of different crops to help with depleting the soil, creating a higher crop yield
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?
Great Britain
What was life like in the IR?
men, women and children worked in factories, the family unit fell apart
What is a tenement?
Communal apartment - lots of people living in poor conditions
What is Urbanization?
cities grow due to people moving to cities to work
What are the three phases of Industrialization?
1st Great Britain
2nd US, France, German
3rd- Russia and the Asian Tigers (China, Vietnam, Korea)
What is nationalism?
Strong feelings of support for one’s nation
Whose slogan was “Blood and Iron”?
Otto von Bismarck
Who were the key people in the unification of Germany?
Kaiser Wilhelm , Otto von Bismarck
Imperialism
The takeover of a country or territory by a stronger nation with the intent of dominating the economic, political, and social life of the people of that nation.
Colony
Direct control of the rule
Two types of rule
Direct is sending officials and soldiers from France to control their colonies.
Indirect is using local chiefs, ruler to govern.
Protectorate
Local ruler were left in place but were expected to follow the advice of European advisors on issues
This system cost less bc it did not require large military forces
Sphere of Influence
An area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges.
Does not require any military force or coercion of control
How is the new era of “New Imperialism” different than the previous imperialism we learned about during the 15th and 16th centuries?
They are going to Africa and China, India and not the new world. Going in search of resources for industrialization
What are the 4 main causes of Imperialism?
Economic Interests
Political/Military Interests
Humanitarian Goals
Social Darwinism
“White Man’s Burden”
the responsibility of white people to ‘civilize’ non-white people
What are some political reasons countries imperialize?
Ships need bases to seize islands or harbors, nationalism which led nation rivialing for new lands
What are some economic reasons countries imperialize?
Access to natural resources, new markets for consumers, growing pop.
What are some social reasons countries imperialize?
Missionaries, doctors believed to have a duty to spread western civilization or medicine, law and religion.
Idea of racial superiority. European races were superior, survival of the fittest.
Positive and negative effects of Imperialism?
Modernization like nw medicine, schools, roads, bridges, trading
War and devestation
Why did Europeans desire Africa as a prime area to exploit and colonize?
So they could exploit all of Africa’s resources
Not every country in Africa was imperialized. Both Liberia and Ethiopia were able to stay independent. Why was this possible?
Their location, economic viability, and unity helped them stay independent
The Chinese attempted to remain independent of all foreign trade, but the Europeans were determined. How did the British force the Chinese to trade with them?
The British discovered Opium and the quarrel of the opium grew into a war because the Chinese government pleas went unanswered by the British royalty
Draw a flowchart to represent the order of events that took place after the British refused to stop importing Opium into China.
China wouldn’t let anyone trade -> British East India Company sells Opium to the Chinese people -> Opium war 1 between China and Britain -> 2nd Opium War between Britain and France against China -> The foreign powers won and gained commercial privileges in China
What issues did Indians have with the British’s East India Company?
British encouraged the Indian divisions’ competition and disunity among rival princes.
British used superior weapons to overpower them
What was the result of the Indian’s attempt to rebel against the British? (Sepoy Rebellion)
Sepoys rose up against the British officers and brutally murdered British men,women and children. British take revenge by burning down villages and murdered thousands.
How is the Sepoy Rebellion similar to the Boxer Rebellion that took place in China?
Both rebellions were marked by violence against colonial officials and their supporters and were motivated by a desire to restore traditional social and political systems.
Indian National Congress
Members believed in peaceful protest to gain what they were fighting for. They called for greater democracy which they felt would give Indians more power. They supported Western-style modernization but dreamed of self-rule for India.
Meiji Restoration
long reign to strengthen Japan
Who was involved in the Spanish American War?
The US and Spain
What was the outcome of the Spanish American War?
SIgned the Treaty of Paris guaranteeing the independence of Cuba, the treaty also forced Spain to cede Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States
How did the US gain access to building the Panama Canal? Why did they build it?
The Hay-Herrán Treaty allowed the United States rights to the land surrounding the planned canal because they wanted to ship goods quickly and cheaply between the Atlantic and Pacific coasts.
What happened to the Ottoman Empire?
It collapsed and lost land which got turned into Turkey and the Middle East
Who built and controlled the Suez Canal?
the Suez Canal Company
Who modernized Egypt?
Mohammad Ali
Why did Russia and Great Britain develop an interest in Persia?
They wanted its oil
List one of the resistance movements you learned about in this unit and describe them in great detail.
British vs India -Sepoys (Indian soldiers in the EIC) rose up against British officers and massacred British men,women and children. The British take revenge by burning down Sepoys villages and murdering thousands. England took away control of the BEIC and India was now being led by direct control. The British set up the British Raj, system of colonial rule in which the ruler governs in the name of the queen. The British thought they were helping India to modernize.The British ruined India’s prosperous hand-weaving industry and replaced fabrics with inexpensive and processed ones in the UK. the British introduced new medical and farming methods which let to population growth but too much people had a strain on food supply so they were terrible famines that swept India.
List two of the resistance movements you learned about in this unit and describe them in great detail.
China vs Opium - The Chinese government tried to stop the opium trade by appealing to British royalty. The pleas went unanswered and the quarrel grew into a war. There were two Opium wars, the first war between China and Britain and the second was Britain and France against China. The foreign powers were victorious and earned privileges to concessions in China. The Treaty of Najing ended the first Opium war and opened CHina to trade with UK
