History Unit 2 Study Guide Flashcards
What is the Renaissance a rebirth of?
Rebirth of Greece and Rome (Classical Civilization)
Where did the Renaissance start?
Italy
How did the mindset of people change during the Renaissance?
Made people reason, a questioning attitude, experimentation and free inquiry
Founder of Lutheran
Martin Luther
Founder of Anglican
King Henry VIII
Founder of Calvin
John Calvin
Location of Lutheran
German
Location of Anglican
English
Location of Calvin
Swiss
Why did Martin Luther leave the Catholic Church?
He did not like the indulgences
Why did King Henry VIII leave the Catholic Church?
Because he wasn’t able to get a divorce
Why did John Calvin leave the Catholic Church?
Believed in Predestination
Core beliefs of Martin Luther
Faith alone brings salvation
Core beliefs of King Henry VIII
Actually breaks away from the Church but his ideals are very similar
Core beliefs of John Calvin
Predestination = God had long ago determined who would gain salvation
What issues did Martin Luther have with the Catholic Church?
He did not like the indulgences
What is an indulgence?
Selling indulgences is lessening the time a a soul would have to spend i purgatory
What is the Counter-reformation?
The reaction of the Catholic Church
What changes came about because of the counter-reformation?
The Council Of Trent, Salvation comes through faith and good works, the Bible is not the only source, end abuses in the Church, and schools to better educate clergy.
What was the Diet of Worms?
Where the Church determines all of the above, meeting of high ranking church officials. Condemn Martin Luther (excommunication)
name three people from the Scientific Revolution and what they did. (Aristotle, Nicolaus, Andreas)
Aristotle - developed the geocentric model
Nicolaus Copernicus - Believed in the heliocentric theory
Andreas Vesalius - first to dissect human bodies, and wrote observations about it.
How did the church respond to the Scientific Revolution?
At first they dont care but after the reformation they condemn it
What is the difference between the Heliocentric and Geocentric theories?
The Geocentric theory was that earth was an unmoving object located at the center of the universe and the plants and sun moved around the Earth which the Heliocentric Model proved not true.
Name three explorers and describe their discoveries and journeys from the Age of Explorations
Prince Henry the Navigator - Spread Christianity, defeated muslims, established trade routes
Christopher Columbus - Landed in the Caribbean, captured natives and sold them into slavery
Vasco Nunez de Balboa- First european to see Eastern Part of the Pacific Ocean
Why did Europeans decide to explore? (Two Reasons)
The Ottomans were cutting off Europe from trading to get spices. Land is Power. Trade is power
What is the Line of Demarcation?
Drawn by the Pope and it will split the world between the Spanish (New World) and the Portuguese (Old World + Brazil)
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The trading between America and Europe,Asia and Africa
What are the Old and New Worlds?
Old world is Europe, Africa and Asia, the New world is America
What foods were exchanged between the old and the new world?
Livestock, tobacco, corn, potatoes, wheat, etc
What are the positive and negative impacts of the Columbian Exchange?
Positive : new food sources and population increase.
Negative : diseases killed up to 90% of native Americans
What is the social organization of the new world?
Peninsulares at the top, creoles, mestizos, native american indians and enslaved people
Which places in the New World imported the most slaves?
Brazil and Caribbean
Why was there a need for a labor force in the Americas?
Used disease to kill off the native population
Describe the conditions on a slave ship and the middle passage.
Men and women were separated, children could be anywhere. The ships were designed to hold hundreds of slaves. They were cramped in the deck of the ship, only able to lie on their sides. There was only a bucket to relieve themselves in, but they were chained by their ankles so many relieved themselves where they laid. In the morning they were still separated updeck. They faced torture from the crew, merciless beating and hard labor. Many slaves tried to jump overboard because it was a better fate. Many of the slaves do not survive the journey.
