History Midterm Study Guide

Question 1

What were the costs and benefits of trade during the Middle Ages?

Answer 1

Cost : Spread Black Death around the known world
Benefits: Cultural diffusion, new ideas/technology, boosted the economy

Question 2

What was the Black Death? What impact did it have on Europe’s population during the Middle Ages?

Answer 2

It was a plague that killed ⅔ of Europe’s population

Question 3

List three impacts that the Mongol Empire had on the world. How should they be remembered?

Answer 3

Increased trade, Largest land based empire ever, Advanced military tactics. They should be remembered as a ruthless warriors who had the largest land based empire ever.

Question 4

What caused the decline of the Mongol Empire?

Answer 4

The Death of Genghis Khan and the splitting of the empire into 4

Question 5

Describe the key characteristics of the Ottoman Empire.

Answer 5

Military conquests, Religious Tolerance, cultural Flourishing with tax

Question 6

What geographic locations did the Ottoman Empire include at its height?

Answer 6

Southern Europe , North Africa, Middle East

Question 7

Which religion did the West African trade kingdoms convert to in order to be economically successful?

Answer 7

islam

Question 8

Describe the importance of Confucian Civil Service Exams and what they helped to prevent.

Answer 8

Prevented Nepotism

Question 9

Which 2 religions were founded in India?

Answer 9

Buddhism and Hinduism

Question 10

What religion did the Mughals bring with them?

Answer 10

islam

Question 11

Renaissance means Rebirth. What was it a rebirth of?

Answer 11

Rebirth of Ancient Rome and Greece

Question 12

What issues did Martin Luther have with the Catholic Church?

Answer 12

He did not like the selling of indulgences

Question 13

How did the printing press impact the Protestant Reformation?

Answer 13

More people became educated and learned to read which spread the ideas rapidly

Question 14

Why did Henry VIII found the Anglican Church? Whose authority did it challenge?

Answer 14

He founded it because he could not get a divorce. It challenged the Pope

Question 15

What impact did the Age of Exploration have on both the Old and New Worlds?

Answer 15

Old World:Disease, Horses, Livestock, Sugar

New World: Corn, Tobacco,Potatoes

Question 16

Where did Portugal hold territory?

Answer 16

Brazil, Africa and sea routes to India

Question 17

Where did Spain hold territory?

Answer 17

Caribbean, South America, Mexico

Question 18

Where did France hold territory?

Answer 18

North America, Caribbean, India

Question 19

Where did Great Britain hold territory?

Answer 19

Africa, Asia, Pacific

Question 20

Where did Holland (Dutch) hold territory?

Answer 20

Caribbean, South America, South Africa

Question 21

What is Ferdinand Magellan most known for?

Answer 21

Traveling around the world for the first time

Question 22

What was mined in the New World? Where did it end up?

Answer 22

Silver –China

Question 23

What did the New World Give to the Old World? What did the Old World give to the New World?

Answer 23

New to Old: Corn, potatoes, tobacco,
Old to New: Sugar, livestock, disease

Question 24

Why did Europeans need a new labor force to work in the Americas? Where did they get the labor from?

Answer 24

They killed off all the the natives with disease and Africa

Question 25

What part of Africa did most slaves that were transported to the Americas come from?

Answer 25

West

Question 26

Which region of the New World imported the most slaves?

Answer 26

Brazil

Question 27

What was it like in the middle passage?

Answer 27

Cramped, dirty, tight packed

Question 28

What is a Joint Stock Company?

Answer 28

When a company sells a portion of itself to fund

Question 29

What was the end result of the English Civil War?

Answer 29

Constitutional Monarch

Question 30

How did the limitation of the King’s power after the English Civil War help to contribute to the American Revolution?

Answer 30

Encourage the actual revolution and it had given the king much less power

Question 31

What was the philosopher Hobbs views?

Answer 31

- powerful government - “state of nature” - Promoted an absolute monarchy

Question 32

What was the philosopher Locke's views

Answer 32

Natural rights and that people were moral

Question 33

What was the philosopher Adam Smith's views

Answer 33

- urged laissez-faire - Felt that government has a duty to protect society, administer justice and provide public works

Question 34

What was the philosopher Montesquieu views?

Answer 34

- separation of power - Checks and balances - Criticized absolute monarchy

Question 35

Compare the American and French Revolutions.

Answer 35

American: One big war where they gain Independence and ends with a new country French: Multiple steps and deals with social justice and ends with Constitutional Monarch Both: Get New Forms of Government

Question 36

Why did the Haitian Revolution take place? Who were the key people?

Answer 36

The slaves of Haiti saw the French rebel and decided to do the same. Key people were Toussaint L’ouverture and Napoleon

Question 37

Who helped to free Gran Colombia? Why did it break up?

Answer 37

Simon Bolivar - Conflict between local national government

Question 38

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? Why did it happen there?

Answer 38

Great Britain because of their navigable rivers and canals, coal and iron and world trade

Question 39

What is the Cottage System? How did it help to transition from farming and home work to industrial jobs?

Answer 39

Agriculture families worked at night in their cottages to spin cloth with rudimentary machines. Work moved to factories where machines could be in one location powered by water or steam

Question 40

What is urbanization and why does it happen?

Answer 40

When cities become more populated because of industrialization of factories

Question 41

What is Marxism?

Answer 41

a social, economic and political philosophy that analyzes the impact of the ruling class on the laborers