History Midterm Study Guide Flashcards
What were the costs and benefits of trade during the Middle Ages?
Cost : Spread Black Death around the known world
Benefits: Cultural diffusion, new ideas/technology, boosted the economy
What was the Black Death? What impact did it have on Europe’s population during the Middle Ages?
It was a plague that killed ⅔ of Europe’s population
List three impacts that the Mongol Empire had on the world. How should they be remembered?
Increased trade, Largest land based empire ever, Advanced military tactics. They should be remembered as a ruthless warriors who had the largest land based empire ever.
What caused the decline of the Mongol Empire?
The Death of Genghis Khan and the splitting of the empire into 4
Describe the key characteristics of the Ottoman Empire.
Military conquests, Religious Tolerance, cultural Flourishing with tax
What geographic locations did the Ottoman Empire include at its height?
Southern Europe , North Africa, Middle East
Which religion did the West African trade kingdoms convert to in order to be economically successful?
islam
Describe the importance of Confucian Civil Service Exams and what they helped to prevent.
Prevented Nepotism
Which 2 religions were founded in India?
Buddhism and Hinduism
What religion did the Mughals bring with them?
islam
Renaissance means Rebirth. What was it a rebirth of?
Rebirth of Ancient Rome and Greece
What issues did Martin Luther have with the Catholic Church?
He did not like the selling of indulgences
How did the printing press impact the Protestant Reformation?
More people became educated and learned to read which spread the ideas rapidly
Why did Henry VIII found the Anglican Church? Whose authority did it challenge?
He founded it because he could not get a divorce. It challenged the Pope
What impact did the Age of Exploration have on both the Old and New Worlds?
Old World:Disease, Horses, Livestock, Sugar
New World: Corn, Tobacco,Potatoes
Where did Portugal hold territory?
Brazil, Africa and sea routes to India
Where did Spain hold territory?
Caribbean, South America, Mexico
Where did France hold territory?
North America, Caribbean, India
Where did Great Britain hold territory?
Africa, Asia, Pacific
Where did Holland (Dutch) hold territory?
Caribbean, South America, South Africa
What is Ferdinand Magellan most known for?
Traveling around the world for the first time
What was mined in the New World? Where did it end up?
Silver –China
What did the New World Give to the Old World? What did the Old World give to the New World?
New to Old: Corn, potatoes, tobacco,
Old to New: Sugar, livestock, disease
Why did Europeans need a new labor force to work in the Americas? Where did they get the labor from?
They killed off all the the natives with disease and Africa
What part of Africa did most slaves that were transported to the Americas come from?
West
Which region of the New World imported the most slaves?
Brazil
What was it like in the middle passage?
Cramped, dirty, tight packed
What is a Joint Stock Company?
When a company sells a portion of itself to fund
What was the end result of the English Civil War?
Constitutional Monarch
How did the limitation of the King’s power after the English Civil War help to contribute to the American Revolution?
Encourage the actual revolution and it had given the king much less power
What was the philosopher Hobbs views?
- powerful government
- “state of nature”
- Promoted an absolute monarchy
What was the philosopher Locke’s views
Natural rights and that people were moral
What was the philosopher Adam Smith’s views
- urged laissez-faire
- Felt that government has a duty to protect society, administer justice and provide public works
What was the philosopher Montesquieu views?
- separation of power
- Checks and balances
- Criticized absolute monarchy
Compare the American and French Revolutions.
American: One big war where they gain Independence and ends with a new country
French: Multiple steps and deals with social justice and ends with Constitutional Monarch
Both: Get New Forms of Government
Why did the Haitian Revolution take place? Who were the key people?
The slaves of Haiti saw the French rebel and decided to do the same. Key people were Toussaint L’ouverture and Napoleon
Who helped to free Gran Colombia? Why did it break up?
Simon Bolivar - Conflict between local national government
Where did the Industrial Revolution begin? Why did it happen there?
Great Britain because of their navigable rivers and canals, coal and iron and world trade
What is the Cottage System? How did it help to transition from farming and home work to industrial jobs?
Agriculture families worked at night in their cottages to spin cloth with rudimentary machines. Work moved to factories where machines could be in one location powered by water or steam
What is urbanization and why does it happen?
When cities become more populated because of industrialization of factories
What is Marxism?
a social, economic and political philosophy that analyzes the impact of the ruling class on the laborers
