IMPACT OF UNION Flashcards
Which Scottish industry was badly hit by the effects of the Union?
Textile
True or False: Taxes were almost five times higher after 1707.
True
What led to widespread smuggling in Scotland after the Union?
Increased taxes and tariffs
What improvements were seen in agricultural techniques after the Union?
Increased use of machinery and fertilizers
What was the reaction of Scotland’s political elite to the immediate effects of the Union?
They were divided, with some supporting and others opposing it.
The purpose of creating the office of SCOTTISH SECRETARY was to:
represent Scotland in the UK government
In what year was the Scottish Privy Council abolished?
The Scottish Privy Council was abolished in 1708.
Why did parliament take steps in 1711 to prevent Scottish peers with English titles from gaining access to the House of Lords?
To prevent Scottish influence in English politics
How long did it take for the Equivalent to be paid in full?
20 years
What was the response of the Edinburgh mob to the delivery of the money chest?
They rioted and caused chaos.
What was a reason for the Jacobite Rising of 1715 according to historians?
The desire to restore the Stuart monarchy
According to Lockhart of Carnwath, what was the impact of the Union on the Jacobite strategy?
It weakened the Jacobite strategy.
Which leader was known as ‘Bobbing John’ during the rebellion?
John Erskine, Earl of Mar
True or False: Religion was a key reason for the support of the Jacobite Rising of 1715 according to Johnston.
True
What were the challenges faced by the Scottish linen industry after the Union?
Increased competition from English manufacturers
What was the impact of the Union on Scottish nobles and their movement to London?
The Union led to increased wealth and influence for Scottish nobles in London.
What benefits did Scots merchants gain from trading with English tobacco colonies?
Higher profits from exclusive trade agreements
What was the reaction of Scotland’s political elite to the immediate effects of the Union?
They were opposed and felt it threatened their autonomy.
Explain why Scottish industry could not compete with English
In 1711, Parliament imposed further export duties on linen and only the English linen industry was allowed to claim back tax on soap in 1714. The Scottish linen industry lacked investment and suffered compared to its English counterparts. Brewing, papermaking, east-coast fishing (because of higher taxes on imported salt), Dundee candle-making and Forfar shoemaking were amongst other industries badly affected by the Union. The Scottish paper industry failed as a result of increased duties.
What happened as a result of the increase in taxes?
Tax was put on salt export in 1711. Because salt was an everyday item used in porridge, oatcakes and preserving fish, it caused riots in Dumfries and Galloway. In May 1713, a malt tax was introduced. This broke Article 13 of the Union and led directly to the 1713 vote in the House of Lords to try to dissolve the Union.
Explain the impact of smuggling in Scotland
In the early period after Union, almost one quarter of tobacco imports from American colonies were probably smuggled. There were more customs and excise men but there were riots and attcks on their warehouses, which stored smuggled goods – e.g. 1722, troops had to protect the customs warehouse in Perth. Wages and living standards remained low and this turned smugglers into heroes! Some historians see smuggling as the great growth industry in Scotland during the decades after 1707. The increase in smuggling led to loss of revenue for the government.
What was an impact of nobles moving to London?
This meant that many became absentee landlords and rental incomes were forced up. Rents began to be paid in cash rather than kind. They Duke of Argyll was the first Highland chief to take way land from his clan and rent in out to any one person who offered the most money. He did this in Morvern and on the islands of Mull and Tiree in the 1730s. The people who were already on the land were moved elsewhere.
What happened as a result of the increase in dissatisfaction in the union?
By 1713 there was increased dissatisfaction with the union amongst Scottish politicians who viewed much of the new state of affairs to be more beneficial to England than Scotland. A motion to repeal the Act of Union was proposed in parliament that year by the EARL OF FINDLATER (formerly the Earl of Seafield). All of the Scottish Lords supported the motion, which was defeated by four votes.
Why did many Jacobites think King George I was unfit?
As laid out in the Act of Settlement and the Act of Union, the throne passed to KING GEORGE I, the first British monarch from the House of Hanover. King George spoke German and never bothered to learn English. He had a controversial personal life, having imprisoned his wife and having two mistresses, one his illegitimate half-sister!
What Scottish industries done better under union?
Scottish Salt and coal industries which performed better than similar industries in England
Forfar shoe-making and Dundee candle-making were impacted positively or negatively by union?
Negatively
What was introduced in 1713?
Malt Tax
What caused riots in Dumfries and Galloway?
The Salt Tax in 1711
Why was trade with English colonies guaranteed under union?
The Navigation Acts would no longer apply to Scotland
What industry failed to keep with the modern production methods of its English rivals, putting some Scottish manufacturers out of business.
Paper industry
What was s an example of English interests outweighing Scottish interests after union.
Scottish linen lost out to English wool, particularly in relation to the British parliament’s concessions towards the English woollen industry.
What evidence is there that the Malt Tax was proposed it provoked strong public opinion.
The Shawfield Riots against the local MP who voted for the Malt Tax.
why did the black cattle trade flourish and there were improvements in agriculture?
English markets bought black cattle and Scottish MPs learned about agricultural improvements from their English counterparts.
Political management amongst Jacobites was improving after the union. What impact would this have?
Effective Jacobite leadership made it easier to gain support for the Rising.
What was formed in 1727 as a result of increased investment post union?
The Royal Bank of Scotland
What was the impact of the Tobacco industry?
It developed in Glasgow although not until 1740 and it only benefit a small number of merchants. This wealthiest tended to live outside Scotland, in the Caribbean, so they although they benefitted individually from union they did not contribute to the Scottish economy.
