ECONOMIC PROBLEMS, INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND THE NAVIGATION ACTS Flashcards
Since when did Scotland and England share a monarch?
Since the Union of the Crowns in 1603.
What caused tension between Scotland and England despite sharing a monarch?
The English Parliament continued to treat Scotland as a foreign country.
What were the Navigation Acts?
A series of laws passed by the English Parliament stating that goods brought into England must be carried either in English ships or in ships from the country trading with England.
How did the Navigation Acts affect Scottish merchants?
They were treated as foreign merchants and could only sell Scottish produce to England, leading to economic hardship.
Why were European powers interested in colonies by the end of the 17th century?
Colonies were seen as key to increasing trade and wealth.
How did the Navigation Acts impact Scotland’s trade with England’s colonies in North America?
The Acts prevented Scotland from trading with these colonies.
What illegal activities did Scots engage in to bypass the Navigation Acts?
Scots forged documentation, engaged in illegal trade, and bribed officials.
Why did English officials in the American colonies complain about Scots’ actions?
Scots’ ability to ignore the Navigation Acts was seen as a bigger problem than piracy.
What effect did the Glorious Revolution have on Scottish participation in English-controlled companies?
Scottish participation in the Royal Africa Company and the Hudson Bay Company was ended.
What economic issues coincided with the Navigation Acts in Scotland?
A general economic downturn, including a “Little Ice Age” and famine, severely affected Scotland.
What were the “Ill Years” and their impact on Scotland?
The “Ill Years” between 1695 and 1699 led to famine-related deaths and emigration, decreasing Scotland’s population by 15%.
How did the economic crisis in Scotland compare to the Black Death?
The famine during the “Ill Years” may have been worse in some areas than the Black Death.
Why was there a shortage of coined money in Scotland?
Scotland had no access to gold or silver.
How did King William’s wars affect Scottish trade?
They imposed higher tariffs and prohibited Scottish exports, further damaging Scotland’s economy.
What was the impact of higher tariffs imposed by England in the 1690s on Scottish exports?
Higher tariffs led to increased costs for Scottish exporters, especially for coal and linen, worsening the economic situation.
