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RUVM Pharmacology > Immunosupressive & Chemo > Flashcards

Immunosupressive & Chemo Flashcards

1
Q

Immunosuppressive drugs goal

A

Immunosuppressive drugs goal

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2
Q

Glucocorticoid Immunosupressive drug

A

Prednisone

Prednisolone

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3
Q

Prednisone / Prednosolone Immunosupressive dose?

A

2-4 mg/kg/day

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4
Q

Prednisone / Prednisolone

A

Admin “high dose” immunosupressive dose (2-4)

Pu/PD/PP

Taper

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5
Q

Antimetabolities MOA

A

Impair nucelic acid synthesisi via blocking signaling and proliferation of T & B cells

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6
Q

Azathioprine

A

Antimetabolite immunosupressive
“sparing effect” concurrent with prednisone
> 2 weeks for max immunosupress
Contraindicated in cats –> hepatotoxic

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7
Q

Mycophenolate mofetil

A

Antimetabolite immunosupressive

Refractory auto immune dz tx –> adjunct GC

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8
Q

Leflunomide

A

Antimetabolite immunosupressive
Refractory cases where GC not tolerated or contraindicated
DM / Cishings

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9
Q

Types of Immunosupressive Drugs

A

Antimetabolite
Glucocrticoids
T cell inhibitors
Alkylating Agents

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10
Q

T cell inhibitor immunosupressive drugs

A

Cyclosporine

Tacrolimuns

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11
Q

T cell Inhibitor Immunosupressive MOA

A

Block T cell activation
Reduce clonal proliferation
Reduce cytokine production

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12
Q

Cyclosporine

A

T cell Inhibitor Immunosupressive drug
DOC: canine atopic dermatitis
Ophthalmic formation for Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye)

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13
Q

DOC for canine atopic dermatitis

A

Cyclosporine

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14
Q

Tx for keratoconjunctivitis sicca

A

cyclosporine

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15
Q

What does cyclosporine inhibit

A

inhibits calcineurin

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16
Q

Tacrolimus

A

I cell inhibitory Immunosupressive drug

Tx: anal furunculosis & perianal fistules

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17
Q

Tx anal furunculosis

A

Tacrolimus (T cell inhibitory Immunosupressive drug)

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18
Q

Tx perianal fistules

A

Tacrolimus (T cell inhibitory Immunosupressive drug)

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19
Q

alkylating Agents MOA

A

Immunosupressive drug
supress cell mediated & humoral immunity
prevent DNA seperation
Inhibit G2 phase mitosis

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20
Q

Alkylating Agents?

A

Cyclephosphamide

Chlorambucil

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21
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Alkylating Agent Immunosupressive drug
Cytotoxic agent (against rapidly dividing cells)
Hemotherapy protocol
Caution: hemorrhagic cysytits

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22
Q

What is used for chemotherapy protocol

A

Cyclophosphamide

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23
Q

Adverse affects of cyclophosphamide?

A

Hemorrhagic cystitis

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24
Q

Chlorambucil

A

Alkylating Agent Immunosupressive drug
Tx cats with immune mediated disease –> IDB
Less toxic than cyclophosphamide

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25
Q

What species is Chlorambucil most effective?

A

cats

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26
Q

Tx immune mediated disease –> IDB in cats

A

Chlorambucil

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27
Q

Types of Autocoids?

A

Antihistamines –> Type 1 H antagonist
Janus Kinase inhibitors
Serotonin antagonist reuptake inhibitor
Leukotriene inhibitor

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28
Q

Antihistamine Autocoids function?

A 
Prevent actions of histamine
bronchodilation
vasoconstriction
inhibit puritis 
Competitive H1 Receptro Antagonist
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29
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

First Gen Antihistamine autocoid
(Type H1 receptor antagonist)

DOC: allergic reactions (type 1 HS)

Sedation

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30
Q

1 gen antihistamine autocoid side effect?

A

sedation

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31
Q

Hydroxyzine

A

First Gen Antihistamine autocoid
(Type H1 receptor antagonist)

Adjunct allergy management –> take prior to histmaine CS

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32
Q

2 Gen antihistamine side effects

A

NOT SEDATION

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33
Q

Loratadine

A

2nd Gen Antihistamine autocoid
(Type H1 receptor antagonist)
non sedation

Warning: human fexofenadine oral suspension contraindicatied

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34
Q

Precaution with Loratatine

A

Warning: human fexofenadine oral suspension contraindicatied

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35
Q

Janus Kinase Inhibitor Autocoid MOA

A

Inhibitor of JAK1 & JAK3
Inhibit pro-inflam cytokines
Inhibit IL-31

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36
Q

Oclacitinib

A

Janus Kinase Inhibitor Autocoid
Inhibit JAK1, JAK3, Pro-inflam cytokines, IL-31
TOC: allergic dermatopathy dogs

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37
Q

TOC: Allergic dermatopathy

A

Oclacitinib

Janus Kinase Inhibitor Autocoid

38
Q

Serotonin Antagonist Reuptake Inhibitor Autacoids MOA

A

Block 5-HT2A & alpha-1 adrengeric receptors

Increase serotonin in brain

39
Q

Trazadone

A

Serotonin Antagonist Reuptake Inhibitor Autacoids
MOA: Block 5-HT2A & alpha-1 adrengeric receptors

TOC: behavior disorders & Post OP cage confinement

40
Q

Drugs for cage confinement?

A

Trazadone

Serotonin Antagonist Reuptake Inhibitor Autacoids

41
Q

TOC: behavior disorders … seperation anxiety

A

Trazadone

Serotonin Antagonist Reuptake Inhibitor Autacoids

42
Q

Leukotriene Inhibitor Autacoid MOA:

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

43
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

Adjunct Feline Asthma
Prevent bronchoconstriction

44
Q

Drug for adjunct feline asthma tx

A

Zafirlukast

Leukotriene receptor antagonist

45
Q

Emetic Drug action

A

vomit

46
Q

Central Acting Emetic Drugs

A

Apomorphine

Xylazine

47
Q

Apopmorphine

A

Centrally acting emetic
agonist of central dopamine receptors

DOC: emesis in dogs

Caution: RR depression

Naloxone: reverse toxicity but not emetic effect

48
Q

Risk of apomorphine?

A

Respiratory Depression

49
Q

Species for apomorphine effect

A

Dogs

50
Q

Xylazine

A

Centrally acting emetic drug
MOA: central alpha 2 angonist

DOC: Emesis in cats

Reversal sedation: Yohimbine

51
Q

MOA of apomorphine

A

agonism of centrally located dopamine receptors

52
Q

How to reverse apomorphrine

A

naxolone

53
Q

how to reserve Xylazine?

A

Yohimbine

54
Q

Species for Xylazine emesis

A

cats

55
Q

Peripheral emetic drug?

A

3% Hydrogen Peroxide

56
Q

3% hydrogen peroxide

A

peripheral acting emetic
MOA: direct irration
@ home emsis of dogs
CONtraindication: cats –> hemorrhagic gastroenteritis

57
Q

3% hydrogen peroxide & cats?

A

NOOO

CONtraindication: cats –> hemorrhagic gastroenteritis

58
Q

What to use if dog needed emsis @ home

A

3% hydrogen peroxide

59
Q

Appetite Stimulants

A

Mirtazapine
Cyproheptadine
Capromorelin

60
Q

Which appetite stimulates MOA is block 5 HT2 & 5HT3 receptors –> inhibits satiety

A

Mirtazapine

Cyproheptadine

61
Q

MOA of mirtazapine

A

block 5 HT2 & 5HT3 receptors –> inhibits satiety

62
Q

MOA of cyproheptadine

A

block 5 HT2 & 5HT3 receptors –> inhibits satiety

63
Q

Mirtazapine most effectively stimulates appetie in which species?

A

dogs

64
Q

Cyproheptadine most effectively stimulates appetie in which species?

A

cats

65
Q

side effect of cyproheptadine

A

Sedation

appetite stimulant

66
Q

Miratazapine

A

appetite stimulate
MOA: block 5 HT2 & 5HT3 receptors –> inhibits satiety
Dogs > cats

67
Q

Cyproheptadine

A

appetite stimulate
MOA: block 5 HT2 & 5HT3 receptors –> inhibits satiety
Cats > dogs
SEDATION

68
Q

Caprimorelin

A

appetite stimulant
MOA: Ghrelin receptor agonist
approved in dogs
good safety in cats

69
Q

Which appetite stimulant acts as a Ghrelin receptor agonist?

A

Capromorelin

70
Q

List anti emetic drugs

A

Maropitant Citrate
Ondansteron Dolasteron
Metaclopramide

71
Q

Maropitant citrate

A

neurokinin receptor antagonist antiemetic
Blocks substance P

TOC: acute vomiting dogs & cats
Prevention of motion sickness dogs
adjunct analgesic - inhibition of substance B

Caution: GI obstriction

72
Q

Maropitant citrate MOA

A

neurokinin receptor antagonist antiemetic

Blocks substance P

73
Q

Ondansteron Dolasterone

A

Anti emetic
MOA: central & peripheral Serotonine (5 HT3) antagonist

Chemotherapy related nasua

Caution: GI obstruction

74
Q

What drug is used to tx chemotherpay nasua

A

Ondansteron Dolasterone

75
Q

Metaclopramide

A

Anti emetic & prokinetic
MOA: dopamine antagonist (blocks 5HT3 receptor)

TX: regurgitation & ileus

Antagonize apomorphrine induced emesis

Caution: GI obstruction

76
Q

How do you rever apomorphrine induced emesis

A

Metaclopramide

DUHHHHHH lol jk who would have thought

77
Q

Tx for regurgitation & ileus?

A

Metaclopramide

78
Q

Are any anti-emetic drugs prokinetics?

A

Yes!

Metaclopramide

79
Q

List drugs that increase GI motility (small animal)

A 
Metaclopramide
Cisapride
Ranitidine 
Erythomycin
Lidocaine
Neostigmine
80
Q

Metaclopramide as GI motility

A

Dopamine antagonist
Prokinetic
weakly increases lower esophageal sphincter

81
Q

Cisapride

A

Increases GI motility
MOA: serotonin agonist
Weak prokinetic

82
Q

Ranitidine

A

Increases GI motility
MOA: H2 blocker
Prokinetic

83
Q

Erythromycin

A

Increases GI motiltiy
MOA: AB stimulates motilin
Weak prokinetic

84
Q

What does erythromycin stimulate

A

Motilin

85
Q

Lidocaine

A

increases GI motility

Local anesthic

86
Q

Neostigmine

A

cholinesterase inhibitor

Increases GI motility

87
Q

How is Maropitant citrate an adjunct analgesic

A

inihibition of substance P

88
Q

What drug is used to prevent motion sickness

A

Maropitant citrate

89
Q

Most common anti emetic

A

Maropitant citrate

90
Q

Maropitant citrate MOA

A

neurokinin receptor antagonist antiemetic

Blocks substance P

91
Q

What is contraindaction with anti-emetic

A

GI OBSTRUCTION MY DUDE

RUVM Pharmacology (5 decks)

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