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RUVM Pharmacology > Horse GI > Flashcards

Horse GI Flashcards

1
Q

More common regional Anesthesia

A

Lidocaine

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2
Q

Longest lasting regional anesthetic

A

Bupivacaine

most potent & longest duration

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3
Q

Doing a procedure for 8 hrs which regional anethestic do you use

A

Bupivacaine

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4
Q

Local Anesthesic for diagnostic of lameness?

A

Mepivacaine

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5
Q

Longer acting regional anethetic with less CNS side effects

A

Ropivacaine

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6
Q

What equine regional anethesic is an ester

A

Proparacaine

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7
Q

Duration & onset of proparacaine?

A

fast & shortest therefore opthalmaic

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8
Q

How is procaine used as an equine regional anestheic

A

Combine with Pen G

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9
Q

What is the regional anesthetic for fish

A

Benzocaine

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10
Q

What regional anethetic has the lower pka

A

Benzocaine

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11
Q

How is tetracaine different than proparacaine

A

tetracaine is longer duration & more potent

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12
Q

What should we know about lidocaine for regional anestheics

A

decreases inhalation anesthetics durinng general anesthesia

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13
Q

What MOA is used to treat colic

A

Alpha 2 adrengeric agonist

sedation & analgesic

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14
Q

What can be used to treat colics

A

Alpha 2 agonstist
xylazine
determidine
Romifidine

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15
Q

What is the most common equine sedative

A

Xylazine alpha 2 agonist

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16
Q

What do you reverse xylazine with

A

Yohimbin

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17
Q

Precautions with xylazine with adults

A

May cause aggressive

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18
Q

Xylazine & foals?

A

Be ware of respiratry arrest

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19
Q

What is a longer duration anesthetic that can be used to treat colic

A

Detomidine

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20
Q

What sedative is used for standing procedures

A

Detomidine

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21
Q

What sedative has really good recovery time compared to others

A

Romifidine (alpha 1 agonst)

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22
Q

What sedative is used for dental procedures

A

Romifidine (alpha 1 agonist)

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23
Q

Field castration sedative?

A

Romifidine

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24
Q

Why is Romifidine have a better recovery

A

Less ataxic effects

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25
Q

What is an opoid that can be used for equine sedation

A

Butorphanol

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26
Q

How do you reserve the sedation of Butorphanol

A

Naloxone

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27
Q

What sedative is recommended for equine pain maingement

A

Butorphanol

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28
Q

What is the sedative of choice for foals?

A

Butorphanol

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29
Q

Use of Fluphenazine

A

Behavior modifications –> banned

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30
Q

MOA for Fluphenazine

A

Dopamine D2 antagonist

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31
Q

Why is resperpine better than Fluphenazine

A

Less side effects

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32
Q

MOA for Resperine

A

Indirect acting B-1 antagonist

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33
Q

What is Resperine used for?

A

Long term sedation “calming equines” off label

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34
Q

What sedative is a phenothiazine derivative

A

Acepromazine

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35
Q

MOA of phenothiazine deriviates?

A

Inhibiting postsynaptic central Dopaine receptors

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36
Q

Caution with acepromazine?

A

Prolonged parahimosis –> avoid with stallions –> penis cannot retract

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37
Q

What feature will not be noted when using acepromazine

A

Shunt of ventilation perfusion mismatch

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38
Q

WHAT ARE BENZODIAPINES CONTRAINDICATED WITH

A

LIVER DISEASE YOU BITCH

39
Q

MOA of benzodiapines?

A

GABA agonist

40
Q

What are the benzodiapines for equine?

A

Diazepam
Midazolam
Flumazenil

41
Q

Are Benzodiapines allowed with food aniamls?

A

NOPE NOT TODAY JUNIOR

42
Q

What benzodiazepam is less effected in adult horses?

A

Midazolam

43
Q

What is more potent diazepam or midazolam

A

Midazolam

44
Q

How to you reverse the sedative effect of diazepam or midazolam

A

Flumazenil

45
Q

Your horse is choking what do you sedate with

A

Acepromazine
Xylazine
Detomidine
Lidocaine

46
Q

Your horse is choking you want to administer what two types of drugs

A

Sedative

relaxant

47
Q

Your horse is choking what relaxant do you use

A

Oxytocin

48
Q

Your pregnant mare is choking ….

A

beware of oxytocin –> contractions

49
Q

Your horse has esophagititis & megaesophagus what do you treat with

A

Metaclopramide
Bethanecol
Both prokinetics

50
Q

What is the MOA of Metaclopramide

A

Dopamine antagonist

51
Q

What H2 antagonist help with equine gastric ulcers

A

Cimetidine

Ranitidine

52
Q

What is the DOC for equine gastric ulcers

A

Omeprazole

53
Q

MOA of Omeprazole

A

Proton pump inihibitor

54
Q

What do you use to treat chronic ulcers?

A

Suctalfate

binds to ulcers negative charge directly

55
Q

MOA of misoprostol

A

PGE2 analog

56
Q

What GI protectant decreases gastric acid secretions

A

Misoprostal

57
Q

Your pregnant mare is getting an ulcer and you want to use misoprostol as an adjucant to omeprazole….

A

NO THAT BITCH WILL ABORTION

58
Q

What do you treat equien GI impactions with

A

Dioctyl Sodium Succinate (DSS)

59
Q

How does Diocytl Sodium Succinate DSS help GI impactions

A

Allows water to penetrate impaction

60
Q

Equine has large colon impaction how do you treat

A

NOT DIOCTYL SODIUM SUCCINATE –> no good

61
Q

Duodenitis & proximal jejunitis

A

Flunixin Megluminne
AB
Prokinetics
Lidocaine

62
Q

Inflammatory Entertitis

A

Dexamethazone

glucocorticoid steriod

63
Q

What is dexamethazone used to treat in horses?

A

Inflammatory entertitis

64
Q

What is used to treat lasonia intercellularis infection

A

Oxytetracycline

65
Q

What do you use to treat proliferative enteropathy

A

Oxytetracycline

Lawsonia infection

66
Q

Rhodococcus equi infection?

A

Erythromycin + Rifampin

67
Q

Sand colic

A

Psyllium + mineral oil

68
Q

What is Psyllium used to treat

A

sand colic

69
Q

Nephrosplenic ligament entrapement?

A

Phenyleprine

constricts spleen

70
Q

Potomac horse fever

A

Oxytetracycline

71
Q

Enteric Pythiosis>

A

Organic iodides

72
Q

What are organic iodides used to treat

A

Enteric pythiosis

73
Q

What drugs decrease GI motility

A

Atrophine
Morphine
Xylazine

74
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

Bethanecol

75
Q

Uses of Bethanecol

A 
Muscanic receptor agonst (parasympathetic)
Detrusor muscle atony
Esophagitis
Pyloric stensois
Gastric prokinetic
76
Q

What are the cholinnergic agonist gastric prokinetics

A

Bethanecol

Neostigamine

77
Q

How is bethanecol a prokintetic

A

enhances GI motility without increasing acid output

Cholingeric agonist

78
Q

How is neostigmine a prokinetic

A

retrograde of small intestine ileus

cholinergic agonist

79
Q

How is metaclopromide a prokinetic

A

foal entertitis with slowing small intestine

80
Q

Bethanecol acts on the

A

Stomach

81
Q

Neostigmine acts on the

A

Small intestine

82
Q

Metacloproamide acts on the

A

Foal small intestine

83
Q

What prokinetic acts on whole GI tract

A

Cispride

84
Q

Dompreridonne

A

dopamine antagonist

increases electromechaincal activity to increase transit time

85
Q

DIc treatment

A

Heparin

86
Q

LPS neutralzing agent

A

Polymixin B

87
Q

What drug lets RBCS shish to move around more

A

Pentoxifyliine

88
Q

What is the last resort of an animal with endotoxemia shock

A

Ketamine

89
Q

What drug is a neuroprotective for endotoxemia

A

Ethyl pyruvate

90
Q

How do you treat colitis from toxin neutralization

A

Diatomaceous earth

91
Q

Treatment of colitis from lack of secretions

A

Bismuth subsalicylate

92
Q

GI pain maingement

A

NSAIDS
Butorphancol
Lidocaine
Busocpam

93
Q

What is Busocpam

A

Antispamodic for GI pain mangement

RUVM Pharmacology (5 decks)

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