Immunosuppressant Drugs Flashcards

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1
Q

2 main applications of immunosuppressants

A

1) prevent organ rejection

2) tretment of autoimmune disorders

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2
Q

2 big toxicities of immunosuppressants

A

Increased risk of infection, increased risk of neoplasm development

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3
Q

Cyclosporine/tacrolimus/pimecrolimus mech of action

A

Inhibit calcineurin, blocking IL2 for T cell proliferation

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4
Q

Cyclosporine ADRs (3)

A
  • nephrotoxicity
  • Increased risk of infection, hypertension, hirsutism, tremor
  • Increased risk of lymphoma
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5
Q

DOC for preventing organ rejection after allogenic transplant

A

Cyclosporine

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6
Q

Cyclosporine differs from other immunosuppressants in that…

A

Prevent rejection of allogenic organ without suppressing bone marrow

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7
Q

3 most effective immunosuppressants and their class

A

cyclosporine
tacrolimus
pimecrolimus

Calcineurin inhibitors

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8
Q

mTOR inhibitors mech of action

A

Inhibit enzyme known as target of rampamycin, a protein kinase in cell proliferation and survival, acts on B and T cells by acting on IL2 but not thru calcineurin

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9
Q

Cytotoxic drugs mech of action

A

Suppress immune cells by killing B and T cell lymphocytes undergoing proliferation, are toxic to all proliferating cells

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10
Q

Cytotoxic drugs ADRS (4)

A
  • less safe agent than cyclosporine and glucocorticoids
  • bone marrow suppression
  • GI disturbances
  • alopecia
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11
Q

Cyclophosphamide (cytoxan) mech of action and what drug class is it?

A

Prodrug converted into active form in liver, decreases number of B and T lymphocytes by cross linking DNA, toxic to all cells

Cytotoxic drugs

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12
Q

Cyclophosphamide (cytoxan) ADRs (3)

A
  • neutropenia
  • hemorrhagic cystitis
  • sterility
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13
Q

Mycophenolate mofentil mech of action, what class of drugs does it belong to?

A

Prophylaxis of organ rejection, converted to active form after absorption and acts on B and T lymphocytes to inhibit an enzyme needed for synthesis of purines

Cytotoxic drugs

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14
Q

Basiliximab (simulect) mech of action and what drug class does it belong to?

A

blocks activity of T lymphocytes blocking proliferation of T cells by IL 2 binding

Antibodies

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15
Q

Cyclosporine indications

A

Prevention of rejection of allogenic organ transplants, as well as RA and psoriasis

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16
Q

Cyclosporine drug interactions

A

Aminoglycosides, grapefruit juice, and amphoterecin B

17
Q

Because of serious adverse effects, cytotoxic drugs are reserved for….

A

…patients not responding to safer agents (cyclosporine and glucocorticoids)

18
Q

Methotrexate summary, what class of drugs does it belong to?

A

Anticancer drug also used for immunosuppression

Cytotoxic

19
Q

Mycophenolate mofentil unique characteristic among cytotoxic drugs

A

It only inhibits B and T lymphocytes because of the purine synthesis pathway it targets