Allergic Rhinitis and Common Allergens Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards

8/27/19

1
Q

True allergies

A

An immune response characterized by presence of IgE antibodies, initiated by some innocuous allergen that is capable of initiating an immune response

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2
Q

4 common routes of allergens to enter the body

A
  • Skin contact
  • Injection
  • Ingestion
  • Inhalation
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3
Q

Seasonal allergies are usually caused by things ___, while perennial are usually caused by things ____

A

Outdoors, indoors

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4
Q

Mast cells vs basophils location, what are 3 big molecules present in both of them?

A

Mast cells are in skin, mucosa, digestive tract, etc while basophils are mainly in the bloodstream

Histamine, heparin, and cytokines are present in both

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5
Q

Drug allergies are ___. Most reactions are actually ___ and not a true allergy

A

Rare, negative side effects

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6
Q

Does moving to another climate help avoid allergies?

A

Typically not

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7
Q

4 sequelae diseases brought on by swollen turbinates and airways from allergies

A

1) acute otitis
2) acute pharyngitis
3) acute sinusitis
4) asthma

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8
Q

Is there a correlation between consumption of food in utero or in breast milk and development of allergies?

A

No relationshipo has been evidenced

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9
Q

Skin prick test

A

Use of a small drop of the possible allergen placed on skin and pricked, if allergic develops redness, swelling, and itching within 20-40 min

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10
Q

IgE blood test (RAST)

A

More expensive allergen testing sometimes used in children or those with an injury on the surfce of skin, or those on antihistamines, blood sample is sent to lab where allergen is added and amount of antibodies blood produces to attack allergen is measured, takes several days for results, less sensitive to inhalant allergens

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11
Q

Patch testing

A

Placing a patch on arm or back or 48 hours, avoiding shower or sweat, then removed when returned to Dr’s office, irritated skin at site may indicate allergy, can detect delayed allergic rxns and typically done for contact dermatitis

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12
Q

Key control of using nasal decongestants, what is the fancy term for this?

A

Cannot use more than 3 days or get rebound congestion, rhinitis medicamentosa

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13
Q

Allergic rhinitis and common causes (5), how often is it a cause for visit

A

Inflammation of mucosal lining of the nose, typically caused by airborne pollens, medications, systemic disease, acute infection, chronic disease, 2.5% of clinician visits

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14
Q

Allergic rhinitis risk factors (5)

A
  • family history of atopy
  • birth during pollen season
  • early use of antibiotics
  • maternal smoking exposure during first year of life
  • exposure to indoor allergens
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15
Q

Early vs late phase allergic rxn

A

Early: begins within 5 min and lasts 1 hr, mast cells and basophils activated by IgE degranulation causing rhinorrhea, sneezing, lacrimation
Late: starts 6-12 hours after onset and not always present, but if present typically chronic prognosis of allergic rhinitis for whole life

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16
Q

Alternating nares is characteristic of ____ in an individual without anatomic defect

A

True allergic rhinitis

17
Q

True allergic rhinitis should have ____ discharge

A

clear

18
Q

Classification of allergic rhinitis

A

Either seasonal/perennial/episodic, either intermitten/persistent, either mild/moderate/severre

19
Q

4 common comorbiditiies with allergic rhinitis

A
  • asthma
  • sinusitis
  • allergic conjunctivitis
  • otitis media
20
Q

Lymphoid hyperplasia/cobblestoning of mucosa

A

Visible characteristic patterning of bumps on physical exam indicative of allergic rhinitis

21
Q

Allergic crease

A

Transverse crease across bridge of nose from rubbing and bending the cartilage repeatedly

22
Q

1st line of treatment against seasonal allergic rhinitis

A

1st gen or 2nd gen H1 blocker antihistamine

23
Q

2nd line of treatment against seasonal allergic rhinitis

A

Intranasal antihistamines

24
Q

3rd line of treatment against seasonal allergic rhinitis or for moderate to severe symptoms

A

Intranasal corticosteroids

25
Q

1st and 2nd line treatment against perennial allergic rhinitis

A
  • Intranasal steroid

- Oral antihistamines often needed as well