Immune Function Testing Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards

8/28/19

1
Q

Who should be tested for immune functioning?

A
  • Adults/pediatric patients with recurrent infections that consistently get sick and cannot get over it
  • Those with opportunistic infections
  • those with suspicion of or family history of immune deficiency disease
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2
Q

Complement plays a role in both ___ and ____

A

innate and adaptive immunity

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3
Q

Most common type of WBC in blood stream

A

Neutrophil

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4
Q

Eosinophils target ___ cells and play a role in ___. They do not respond to ____

A

large cells too big for ingestion, allergies, viral infection

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5
Q

Baophils do not ____ foreign cells, play a role in ___, and do not respond to ____

A

ingest, allergies, viral infection

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6
Q

Natural killer cell function

A

Recognize and attach to infected cells or cancer cells regardless of MHC and damage the outer membranes as part of the innate defense

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7
Q

Classical pathway of complement activation

A

Antibody binds to and exposes complement binding sites on the foreign cell invader, complement proteins then for the membrane attack complex to tear cell apart

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8
Q

Alternative pathway of complement activation

A

Directly binds to the polysaccharides of microbial cell walls and forms the membrane attack complex to tear cell apart

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9
Q

What is the common protein between the classical and alternative pathway of complement activtation? Why is this one extra important to measure?

A

C3, it allows assessment of both classical and alternate pathways

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10
Q

Interferons

A

A type of cytokine that interferes with the reproduction of viruses

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11
Q

Screening test for innate granulocytes

A

CBC with diff (lab analysis) and peripheral blood smear (microscopic observation)

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12
Q

Screening test for complement

A

Serum total hemolytic complement (TCH50 or CH50)

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13
Q

Critical values for WBC count

A

2500

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14
Q

Pancytopenia

A

Decrease in all blood cell lines (WBC and RBC)

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15
Q

Leukopenia

A

Decrease in WBC count

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16
Q

A 0 on a screening test for complement indicates….

A

…. deficiency in 1 or more components

17
Q

What is the complement function test most useful in diagnosing (2)

A
  • angioedema
  • post streptococcal nephritis
  • SLE nephritis
  • membranoproliferative nephritis
18
Q

Hereditary angioedema

A

Congenital reduced level of complement due to a lack of C1 inhibitor so it is used up resulting in drop in serum levels when measured on a complement funciton test

19
Q

Immune complexes effect on complement system

A

-overly activated by the complexes resulting in decreased levels measured on a complement function test

20
Q

Elevated complement on a complement function test indicates these 4 pathologies

A
  • rheumatic fever
  • MI
  • ulcerative colitis
  • cancer
21
Q

B cells don’t only produce antibodies and memory cells, but are also…

A

….APC’s

22
Q

IgG 3 key facts

A
  • constitutes the majority of circulating antibodies
  • crosses the placenta
  • fixes complement
23
Q

Elevation of IgM in new born indicates…

A

…in utero infection such as rubella or CMV

24
Q

Anergy panels and what antigens are commonly used to test them?

A

a test for T cell immune function to show a patient who previously demonstrated cell mediated immunity to an antigen no longer demonstrates the response, often found in HIV patients, lymphomas, etc. Common antigens used to test are candida and mumps

25
Q

What is the go to screening test for B cell immune function? How does it work?

A

Quantitative serum immunoglobulin via protein electrophoresis,patterning of blood protein bands according to charge is indicative of chronic diseases that immunosuppress patients

26
Q

What is the largest peak on a quantitative serum immunoglobulin via protein electrophoresis assay

A

Albumin

27
Q

Who should undergo allergy testing? (2)

A
  • Patients with rhinitis uncontrolled by medications and allergy avoidance
  • Previous suspected systemic rxn to food or sting
28
Q

In order to undergo RAST or skin testing, a patient needs to be not taking what 2 groups of medications?

A
  • antihistamines

- glucocorticoids