Immunization Principles and Technique Lecture Powerpoint Flashcards

8/28/19

1
Q

Live attenuated vaccine

A

Disease producing virus or bacterium weakened in lab, can still replicate but generally does not cause illness

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2
Q

Inactivated whole vaccine

A

The entire body of a dead virus or bacteria, cannot cause illness response

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3
Q

Inacivated fractional vaccine

A

A component of the virus or bacteria that the immune system recognizes to mount an antigenic response to, cannot cause illness, such as toxoids, subunits, or polysaccharide

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4
Q

Toxoid

A

Modified bacterial toxins that retain immunogenic properties but lack toxicity

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5
Q

List the 8 live vaccines

A
Measles
mumps
rubella
varicella
zoster
rotavirus
intranasal influenza
typhoid
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6
Q

Live attenuated vaccines can have interference from…

A

…circulating antibodies from transfused blood (don’t allow the host to mount a response) and therefore must be administered 2 weeks after a live vaccine or 3 months before

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7
Q

Inactivated vaccines are ___ compared to live vaccines, and therefore typically require a ___

A

Not as effective, booster

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8
Q

List the 4 whole cell inactivated vaccinees

A

Polio
Injectable influenza
Hepatitis A
Pertussis

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9
Q

Inactivated vaccines lack interference from…

A

…circulating antibody levels from transfused blood, and can therefore be administrated at the same time

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10
Q

Can live vaccines be administered together?

A

Yep except cholera and yellow fever, no decrease in antibody response or adverse reactions

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11
Q

Can live vaccines be given one a day after the other?

A

No, require 4 week interval between two live injected

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12
Q

How many doses do live attenuated vaccines require?

A
  • Single dose offers long lasting immunity

- 2nd dose administered to ensure seroconversion

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13
Q

How many doses do inactivated vaccines require?

A
  • Multiple doses as well as

- periodic boosting

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14
Q

Should vaccine series be restarted if time has gone past the recommneded interval?

A

No, just start where you left off

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15
Q

4 day grace period

A

Refers to requirement that vaccine doses be administered no more than 4 days before the minimal interval or age in order to be counted as valid, otherwise must repeat the vaccine!

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16
Q

Is there a maximum interval between vaccines?

A

No, you never have to restart a vaccine series just continue where you left off

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17
Q

Can patient’s with mild illness be vaccinated?

A

Yes, no contraindication to withold vaccination from patients on antibiotics or with mild acute illness

18
Q

What are the 3 adverse reactions to vaccines

A
  • Local (pain and swelling at the site of injection, usually mild and self limiting)
  • Systemic (fever, malaise, headache, may not be related to vaccine)
  • Allergic (be alert for anaphylaxis, very rare but require screening such as in the case of egg prtein)
19
Q

VAERS

A

Vaccine adverse events reporting system, used to report a bad response to a vaccine regardless of if it is believed to be caused by the vaccine itself or not

20
Q

Can HIV patients or other immunosuppressed patients receive vaccines?

A

Generally yes as long as it is under control, sometimes we wait in the case of cancer patients

21
Q

3 contraindications for live vaccines

A

Pregnancy, moderate or severe acute illness, recent receipt of antibody containing blood product

22
Q

7 invalid contraindications for vaccine administration

A
Minor illness
Antibiotic therapy
Disease exposure
Preganncy in household or breastfeeding
Premature birth
Nonspecific allergies
Family history of adverse events
23
Q

Thimerosal

A

A mercury containing preservative added to vials of vaccine that prevent growth of potentially harmful bacteria, was formerly argued to contribute to autism, however since its discontinuation in many vaccines autism rates have only continued to increase in the country

24
Q

There is more aluminum in ___ than vaccines, there is more formaldehyde in ___ than vaccines

A

Breast milk, blood stream

25
Q

Alternative schedules may help families who are hesitent to vaccinate. What is the issue with them?

A

Delaying the vaccination increases time that children are susceptible to serious disease, no evidence that spreading out has any benefit

26
Q

Hep B vaccine: Type, schedule

A
  • Inactivated fractional vaccine

- birth, 1-2 months, 6-18 months, 3 dose schedule for adolescents and adults otherwise

27
Q

DTaP vaccine: type, schedule

A
  • Inactivated fractional vaccine
  • used for children younger than 7 and has a larger pertussis conc for initial exposure in children to gain immunity at 2/4/6/15-18 months, and 4-6 yrs
28
Q

Tdap vaccine: type, schedule

A
  • Inactivated fractional vaccine

- Used on anyone older than 7 ever 10 years as a booster to the DTaP

29
Q

Cocooning vulnerable infants require that faily members get this vaccine

A

Tdap for pertussis

30
Q

Oral polio vaccine

A

No longer given in developed world because it can cause polio

31
Q

Polio vaccine: type, schedule

A
  • Inactivated whole

- 2/4/6-18 months, 4-6 years

32
Q

3 contraindications for influenza vaccine

A
  • Severe egg allergy
  • guillian barre syndrome after vaccination
  • severe reaction to vaccine
33
Q

Recombinant hemagglutinin influenza vaccine

A

Influenza vaccine for those with egg allergies, typically have to order it

34
Q

Varicella zoster is the name of the ___. Varicella is the name of the ___. Herpes zoster is the name of the ____. What are the corresponding vaccines?

A

virus, chickenpox, shingles

Varivax, and shingrix

35
Q

Rotavirus vaccine definition

A

Disease against the #1 cause of gastroenteritis often seen in infants and children, can use rotarix or rotateq if allergic to latex

36
Q

Synagis is a vaccine composed of what and given to whom? When?

A

RSV fighting antibodies IgG to high risk infants through the RSV seasons monthly

37
Q

Almost always a vaccine should be administered with the bevel facing….

A

….upward

38
Q

Luer lock tip syringe

A

Most commonly used, needle secures on tip with twist mount making it more secure

39
Q

Slip tip syringe

A

Commonly used, needle pushed onto tip, less secure

40
Q

Eccentric tip syringe

A

Used for injecting medication parapllel to skin of patient (surface vein injection)

41
Q

Intradermal vaccines require ___ treatment of skin while not ___ the injection site

A

Tout pulling, not applying pressure at