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Immuno > Immunology week 5 > Flashcards

Immunology week 5 Flashcards

1
Q

This week is a partial repeat of week 4.
Review Week 4 cards #71-94 on antigens
Review Week 4 cards #95-124 on MHC

A

Pick up on slide 19 wk 5
AG processing and Presentation.

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2
Q

AG processing &
Presentation
What even is this?
5 things, start with
1-APC digest AG
Explain.

A

APC digest AG acquired from inside/ outside the cell and display the AG
fragments on the cell surface of MHC molecules for recognition by T
lymphocytes.
○ NB: APC capture, digest(process) & present to T lymphocytes which activate the Cellular
immune response.

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3
Q

AG processing &
Presentation
What even is this?
5 things,
2-Dendritic cells
explain

A

● Dendritic cells- present to naive CD4 and CD8 t cells!!

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4
Q

AG processing &
Presentation
What even is this?
5 things,
3- macrophages
explain

A

● Macrophages- present AG to differentiated CD4 t cells in the effector
phase of cell mediated immunity

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5
Q

AG processing &
Presentation
What even is this?
5 things,
4- B cells

A

B cells- present AG to CD4 during humoral IR

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6
Q

AG processing &
Presentation
What even is this?
5 things,
5-non-professional APC

A

There are also non-professional APC

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7
Q

PLS know this :)
Antigen uptake_->antigen presentation–>response

as it pertains to Dendritic cell
macrophage
B cell

This is a photo. you will need to look at Immuno wk. 5 pg. 21.
or wk 6 pg. 7

A
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8
Q

APC
Important functions
2
hint:
-convert protein Ag to peptides…..
-APC provide additional stimulus to t cells…

A

● Important functions
1. Convert protein AG to peptides (**AG
processing) **and they display peptide
MHC complexes for recognition by T
cells
a. Pop quiz: what was important about
protein AG????

  1. APC provide additional stimulus to t
    cells: co- stimulation
    ● AG processing convert proteins from the
    extracellular space/ cytosol into
    peptides and load them on MHC
    molecules to display to lymphocytes
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9
Q

APC
Protein AG present in acidic vesicular compartments of APC

what happens next
how is it extracellular
how is it intracellular
**diagram on p.22

A

Protein AG present in acidic vesicular
compartments of APC generate MHC
2 associated peptides and AG present
in the cytosol generate MHC 1
○ So extracellular- MHC 2
○ intracellular - MHC1

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10
Q

Processing on endocytosed AG-> MHC2
6 steps
hint:
1-uptake of extracellular proteins into ?
2-Processing of internalized proteins in the?
What are Cathepsins?
3-Biosynthesis and transport of MHC to ?
-alpha and beta chains MHC2 are sythesized where?
-Pieces from the ER are moved where? why?
4-Association of the processed peptides with ? where?
5-Expression of the peptied mhc2 complex on what?
6-MHC2 presents to ?

what do exogenously acquired protiens generate?

A
  1. Uptake of extracellular proteins into vesicular compartments
  2. Processing of internalized proteins in the endosome
    a. cathepsins = very NB proteolytic enzyme
  3. Biosynthesis and transport of MHC 2 to vesicles

a. Alpha and beta chains MHC2 are synthesized** in the ER**
b. Pieces from the ER are moved to the golgi for packing into vesicles
4. Association of the processed peptides with MHC 2 molecules in vesicles
5. Expression of the peptide mhc 2 complex on the APC surface
6. MHC 2 present to CD 4 cells
Exogenously acquired proteins will generate CD4 response

diagram slide 23

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11
Q

Processing of cytosolic AG-> MHC 1

6 steps
hint:
1- ? of foreign protiens
-protiens here are ubitiquinated for proteasomal degradation
2-Proteolytic degradation of cytosolic proteins in the ?
3-Transport of peptides from the ? to the ?
-what is the main transporter system?
what is it associated with?
4-Assembly of ? in the ER?
5-Surface expression of what?
-Gogli–>surface
6. MHC presents to ?

Endogenously acquired protein will generate what respopnse?

sometimes even what may be presented through MHC1 Molecules?

A
  1. Cytosol location of foreign proteins
    a. Proteins in the cytosol are ubiquitinated for proteasomal degradation
  2. Proteolytic degradation of cytosolic proteins in the proteasome
  3. Transport of peptides from the cytosol to the ER
    a. TAP-> main transporter system (transporter associated w/ AG presentation
  4. Assembly of peptide MHC 1 complexes in the ER
  5. Surface expression of peptide MHC 1 complexes
    a. Golgi -> surface
  6. MHC presents to** CD8**
    Endogenously acquired protein will generate CD8 response
    Sometimes even endocytosed AG may be presented through MHC 1 molecules
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12
Q

Alternative AG Presentation
Lipid AG- presented by ? called ?

CD1=found on ? and some ?

Presents lipid AG to ? that are not? an example is ?

A

**● Lipid AG- presented by class 1 like non-polymorphic molecules called CD 1
○ CD1= found of APC and on some epi cells
○ Presents lipid AG to t cells that are not MHC restricted** such as NKT cells

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13
Q

TCR

TCR surface molecule found on ? and recognizes ?

A

TCR surface molecule found on T cells recognizes AG presented on the
correct MHC (only 1 specificity)

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14
Q

TCR

structurally similare to ?

A

Structurally similar to immunoglobulin

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15
Q

TCR
Alpha beta TCR= most common where?

Is it MHC dependent or independent?

A

Alpha beta TCR= most common in lymphoid tissues (MHC dep)

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16
Q

TCR
Gamma delta TCR= where?

Is it MHC dependent or independent?

A

Gamma delta TCR= mucosal surfaces( MHC independent)

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17
Q

TCR

CD3

How many gamma, delta, epsilon and zeta chains?

A

One gamma, one delta, 2 epsilon, and
2 zeta chains

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18
Q

TCR
CD3
do invarient proteins contribute to the specificity of the TCR?

A

Invariant proteins- do not
contribute to the specificity of the
TCR

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19
Q

TCR
CD3
Are they necessary of cell surface expression of the TCR?

A

Necessary for cell surface
expression of the TCR

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20
Q

TCR
CD3
sends activation signals where?
when?

A

Sends activation signals to the cell
nucleus following AG interaction

**diagram slide 27

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21
Q

BCR

does it interact with MHC molecules?

A

DOES NOT interact with MHC molecules

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22
Q

BCR
what does it recognize on exposed cell surface?

A

Recognize soluble AG and AG exposed on cell surface

diagrams on slide 27

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23
Q

Co-stimulation

what is it?

A

co-stimulation= APCs additional stimulus to T cells

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24
Q

Co-stimulation

what is it required for?

A

Required for FULL T cell activation!

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25
Q

Co-stimulation
Required for FULL T cell activation!
what is signal 1?

is it specific?

A

Signal 1: interaction of Ag peptide MHC complex WITH TCR-CD3 complex! (specific signal)

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26
Q

Co-stimulation
Required for FULL T cell activation!
what is signal 2?

A

Signal 2: interaction between CD28 on T cells and B7 (CD80/CD86) (co-stimulatory signal)
Clonal anergy: no responsiveness! → occurs when co-stimulatory signal is absent

27
Q

Co-stimulation
Required for FULL T cell activation!
What is CD 28 & ICOS=

A

CD 28 & ICOS= stimulatory

28
Q

Co-stimulation
Required for FULL T cell activation!
what is CTLA4 & PD-1=

A

CTLA4 & PD-1= inhibitory

29
Q

Co-stimulation
When T cells are stimulated w/o co-stim signal, what happens?

A

When T cells are stimulated w/o co-stim signal clonal anergy occurs- state
of no responsiveness

30
Q

AG Processing and Presenting
T cells recognize foreign peptide Ag ONLY when ?

A

T cells recognize foreign peptide Ag ONLY when attached to surface of
APCs within the appropriate MHC context

31
Q

AG Processing and Presenting
Self MHC restriction:
T-cells from one individual recognize foreign
peptides only when ?

A

Self MHC restriction: T-cells from one individual recognize foreign
peptides only when these peptides are bound to and displayed by the
MHC molecules of that individual

32
Q

AG Processing and Presenting
Self MHC restriction: T-cells from one individual recognize foreign
peptides only when these peptides are bound to and displayed by the
MHC molecules of that individual
CD4+ T cells = ?

A

CD4+ T cells = MHC Class II Restricted Extracellular & Exogenous proteins

33
Q

AG Processing and Presenting
Self MHC restriction: T-cells from one individual recognize foreign
peptides only when these peptides are bound to and displayed by the
MHC molecules of that individual
CD8+ T cells = ?

A

CD8+ T cells = MHC Class I Restricted Intracellular & Endogenous proteins

34
Q

AG Processing and Presenting
AG presentation is enhanced by ?

A

AG presentation is enhanced by exposure of microbial products

35
Q

AG Processing and Presenting
What detects microbes???

A

?

36
Q

AG Processing and Presenting
TLR- induce expression of ? and ?

A

TLR- induce expression of MHC molecules and co-stimulators

37
Q

DC & Naive T Cells
T cell responses are initiated in the ?

A

T cell responses are initiated in the peripheral lymphoid organs

38
Q

DC & Naive T Cells
DC capture protein AG and transport them to ?

A

DC capture protein AG and transport them to draining lymph nodes

39
Q

DC & Naive T Cells
DC= located at common sites of ?

A

DC= located at common sites of entry of microbes

40
Q

DC & Naive T Cells
DC express receptors that enable them to capture ?

A

DC express receptors that enable them to capture microbes

41
Q

DC & Naive T Cells
DC= migrate to T cell rich zones of ?

A

DC= migrate to T cell rich zones of lymph nodes

42
Q

DC & Naive T Cells
DC= express high levels of ? to do what?

A

DC= express high levels of co-stim molecules needed t activate naive t
cells

43
Q

DC & Naive T Cells

what can they ingest?

A

They can ingest infected cells and tumor cells

44
Q

DC & Naive T Cells
what is:
Cross presentation/ cross priming-

A

Cross presentation/ cross priming- ability to present to both CD4 and
CD8 cells

45
Q

Your friend is sick but even though you have hung out with her everyday for the
past 10 days you are showing no symptoms. You remember learning about MHC
complexes in immuno last week. Which of the following explain why she is sick
but you aren’t.
A. You have homozygous alleles therefore you are able to fight off more
illnesses than she is.
B. You have more MHC complexes
C. You get the majority of your MHC complexes from your dad and he is
never sick so you just have better genetics.
D. You have heterozygous alleles and your friend has more homozygous
alleles.

A

D

46
Q

You are watching the NEW hocus Pocus and the 3 sanderson sisters make you
think about the 3 MHC classes. Which of the following are correct?
A. MHC 1 is expressed on all nucleated cells including RBC.
B. MHC 2 is expressed on APC and binds to CD8 t cells
C. MHC3 is important for AG presentation
D. The MHC 1 binding cleft is made of a1 and a2.
E. The MHC 2 binding cleft made of a1 and b1
F. A and B are correct
G. D and E are correct

A

G

47
Q

True or False: MHC molecules can only bind to 1 Antigen
at a time but they have a broad specificity for peptide
binding so they can bind to any AG.

A. True
B. False

A

B

48
Q

True or false: The complement system is commonly
activated on the surface of a pathogen or the AG-AB
complex.

A. True
B. False

A

A

49
Q

You are currently a baby DOGtor, fresh out of clinics. Your first patient of the day is
thackery binx. You’re fangirling pretty hard and want to flex your second semester
immunology on him. What is something you might would say?

A. MHC genes are passed down from your parents but the majority of them
come from your moms mitochondrial DNA.
B. MHC 3 is important for protein activation.
C. There are 3 complement systems lectin, jazz, soul.
D. The complements only goal is to recruit inflammatory cells

A

B

50
Q

Which of the following is a correct complement system?
A. Lactose
B. Accessory
C. Substitute
D. Lectin

A

D

51
Q

You and your friends are staying at Camp Crystal Lake
and Michael Meyers finds you. The only way he will let
you leave is if you choose the correct statement.

A. Substances that are more like self are more
immunogenic.
B. The smaller the AG the more immunogenic because it
can invade the cells easier.
C. Simple AG are more immunogenic because they can
be degraded easier.
D. Particulate AG are more immunogenic than soluble
AG.

A

D

52
Q

You were able to get away from Michael but now the
texas chainsaw dude is running after you. To throw him
off of his game you start telling him about the different
types of Antigens. Which of the following is true?

A. T independent AG stimulate CD4 helper cells to stimulate B cells
B. Haptens are extremely immunogenic
C. Viral or intracellular BacT infections are examples of endogenous AG.
D. Superantigens only infect superheroes.

A

C

53
Q

Thankfully Grandma Aggie from Halloweentown comes
to your rescue. But she isn’t letting you off of the hook
for going to camp Crystal Lake. So you are studying
immunology. What is true about how superantigens
bind?

A

Thankfully Grandma Aggie from Halloweentown comes
to your rescue. But she isn’t letting you off of the hook
for going to camp Crystal Lake. So you are studying
immunology. What is true about how superantigens
bind?

○ They bind to the variable domain
B(vb) chain in the TCR of CD4 cells
and the a chain of the MHC 2
molecule on APC

54
Q

Which of the following are true?
A. Haptens cannot induce an IR by themselves
B. Proteins are the largest group of AG and the most immunogenic
C. Lipids are not good immunogens
D. The optional # of MHC genes is a balance between the need to respond to
AG and the ability to avoid autoimmunity
E. MHC 1 peptide binding groove is between a1 and a2
F. MHC 2 binding groove is between a1 and b1
G. MHC 3 does not play a role in AG presentation
H. All of the above
I. None of the above
J. Angel we’re over this TA session

A

H

55
Q

/It’s spooky season and there is nothing more terrifying
than cumulative questions. True or False: in ruminants,
pigs, horses, and dogs the Ileal peyer’s patches are
primary lymphoid tissues of B cells?

A. True
B. False

A

?

56
Q

It’s spooky season and there is nothing more terrifying
than cumulative questions. Are inhibitory or activating
signals dominant in NK cells.

A. Inhibitory
B. Activating
C. Neither, they are expressed 50/50
D. It’s not NK cells it is macrophages

A

?

57
Q

It’s spooky season and there is nothing more terrifying
than cumulative questions. wHAT ARE YOUR
PROINFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES?

?????

A

?

58
Q

It’s spooky season and there is nothing more terrifying
than cumulative questions. A low pH is considered what
type of exogenous agent?

A. Mechanical
B. It’s endogenous not exo
C. Biological
D. chemical

A

?

59
Q

You’re taking a stroll down Elm street when Freddy
Krueger stops you. He asks you what is important about
dendritic cells.
A. They present to naive CD4 and CD8 t cells
B. They bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems
C. They can undergo cross priming
D. All of the above

A

?

60
Q

Mr. Krueger isn’t going to let you off that easily.What do
you tell him when he asks where AN MHC class 1 aG is
typically located?

A. Extracellular compartment
B. Lymphatics
C. cytosol
D. Primary lymphoid organs

A

?

61
Q

Ugh you seriously cannot get away from this man. Now
Mr. Krueger wants to know Which of the following
uptakes and localizes endocytosed AG?
A. Proteasome
B. Endosome
C. Phagolysosome
D. None of the above

A

?

62
Q

Now officer downing stops you. All of the mean kids take
off so it is just you and hubie. In order to let you off the
hook, he asks you Where are the alpha and beta chains
for MHC 2 synthesized in the cell?

A. Proteasome
B. Endosome
C. Endoplasmic reticulum
D. Golgi apparatus

A

?

63
Q

You’re walking back home (by yourself bc you didn’t
learn the first time) and you see a red balloon in the
drain. Next thing you hear is Pennywise asking you True
or False: TAP is the transporter associated with AG
presentation and it plays an important role in the MHC 2
pathway.
A. True
B. False

A

?

Immuno (13 decks)

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