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Immuno > Immunology week 2 > Flashcards

Immunology week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Organization of the Immune System
2 catagories, what are they?

A

Innate immunity-first line of defense (non-specific)
Adaptive immunity-second line of defense (specific)

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2
Q

what are the 2 types of innate immunity?

A

cellular component
humoral component

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3
Q

what are teh 2 types of adaptive immunity?

A

humoral component and cellular component

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4
Q

The Immune System

Innate Immunity
what is the requirement of prior contact with the AG?

A

Protects the body from injury
without prior contact with an
AG

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5
Q

The Immune System
Innate Immunity
rapid or slow?

A

Rapid

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6
Q

The Immune System
Innate Immunity

what is the timing for immediate?

A

● Immediate: 0-4 hrs

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7
Q

The Immune System
Innate Immunity
what is the timing for induced?

A

● Induced 4-96 hrs

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8
Q

The Immune System
Innate Immunity
with induced is there memory?

A

● Induced 4-96 hrs
○ NO MEMORY

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9
Q

The Immune System
Innate Immunity
● Induced

what are the 3 types of barriers?

A

● Physical barriers
● Humoral barriers (complement)
● Cellular barriers

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10
Q

The Immune System
Adaptive
rapid or slow?

A

● SLOW

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11
Q

The Immune System
Adaptive

relationship to AG?

A

● Response to AG

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12
Q

The Immune System
Adaptive
Is memory present?

A

● Memory is present

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13
Q

The Immune System
Adaptive
does it require exposure to the AG

A

● Requires exposure to AG

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14
Q

The Immune System

what happens after the body when exposed to hundreds of billions of microbes?

A

Barriers:

mechanical
chemical
biological
(first line of defense)

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15
Q

The Immune System

Barriers:

mechanical
chemical
biological
(first line of defense)

what happens next inside the body?

A

2nd line of defense
innate immune system

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16
Q

The Immune System
2nd line of defense
innate immune system
what happens next within the body?

A

Addaptive immune system
3rd line of defense

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17
Q

Innate Immunity- present from birth!
what are the physical barriers?

A

● Physical barriers- skin & mucosal areas

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18
Q

Innate Immunity- present from birth!
● Physical barriers- skin & mucosal areas

what are the 3 catagories?

A

○ Mechanical factors: mechanically remove infectious microbes & prevents invasion
○ Chemical
○ Microbiological

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19
Q

Innate Immunity- present from birth!
● Physical barriers- skin & mucosal areas
○ Mechanical factors: mechanically remove infectious microbes & prevents invasion
5 examples:

A

■ Skin
■ Ciliary movement
■ Peristaltic movement
■ Flushing
■ Mucus

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20
Q

Innate Immunity- present from birth!
● Physical barriers- skin & mucosal areas

○ Chemical
4 examples and what they do:

A

■ Fatty acids- inhibit growth of bacT
■ lysozyme & phospholipase- inhibit growth of pathogens
■ Low pH- antibacT effects
■ Surfactants-enhance phagocytosis

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21
Q

Innate Immunity- present from birth!
● Physical barriers- skin & mucosal areas
○ Microbiological
what is it and what does it do?

A

■ Normal biota prevents infection by secreting inhibitory substances

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22
Q

Innate Immunity
● Humoral barrier has 6 defense mechanisms: complement system, coagulation system, lactoferrin, lysosome, interferon and interleukin. How do each help?

A

Innate Immunity
● Humoral barrier- complement system
○ Complement system- enzymes/ proteins that prevent infections
○ coagulative system- blood coagulation to prevent pathogen entry also can be a
chemotactic
○ Lactoferrin & transferrin- sequesters iron
○ Lysozyme- digests the bacterial cell wall
○ Interferons
■ Type 1= inhibit infection and replication of viruses
○ Interleukin 1- increase temp to induce acute phase proteins

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23
Q

Innate Immunity
● Humoral barrier- complement system

what is Complement system-

A

enzymes/ proteins that prevent infections

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24
Q

Innate Immunity
● Humoral barrier- complement system

what is coagulative system-

A

blood coagulation to prevent pathogen entry also can be a
chemotactic

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25
Q

Innate Immunity
● Humoral barrier- complement system
what is Lactoferrin & transferrin-

A

○ Lactoferrin & transferrin- sequesters iron

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26
Q

Innate Immunity
● Humoral barrier- complement system
what is Lysozyme

A

○ Lysozyme- digests the bacterial cell wall

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27
Q

Innate Immunity
● Humoral barrier- complement system
what is Interferons

A

○ Interferons
■ Type 1= inhibit infection and replication of viruses

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28
Q

Innate Immunity
● Humoral barrier- complement system
what is Interleukin 1

A

○ Interleukin 1- increase temp to induce acute phase proteins

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29
Q

Innate immunity
● Cellular barrier
what is it?

A

● Cellular barrier- phagocytic system & NK cells

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30
Q

Innate immunity
● Cellular barrier- phagocytic system & NK cells
Neutrophils-what are they?

A

phagocytose microorganisms

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31
Q

Innate immunity
● Cellular barrier- phagocytic system & NK cells
Macrophages-what do they do?
what do they possess, what dont they possess?

A

Macrophages-ingest & kill micros intracellularly, phagocytosis, APC, aid in wound healing
(respond to the SOS)
■ They do not possess granules but they have lysosomes that contain factors required
for intracellular killing mechs

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32
Q

Innate immunity
● Cellular barrier- phagocytic system & NK cells
NK- what does it do?

A

○ NK- kill infected/ tumor cells

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33
Q

Innate immunity
● Cellular barrier- phagocytic system & NK cells
Eosinophils-what do they do?

A

Eosinophils- eliminate parasites

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34
Q

Innate immunity
● Cellular barrier- phagocytic system & NK cells
Name 4 types of cells

A

Innate immunity
● Cellular barrier- phagocytic system & NK cells
○ Neutrophils- phagocytose microorganisms
○ Macrophages-ingest & kill micros intracellularly, phagocytosis, APC, aid in wound healing
(respond to the SOS)
■ They do not possess granules but they have lysosomes that contain factors required
for intracellular killing mechs
○ NK- kill infected/ tumor cells
○ Eosinophils- eliminate parasites

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35
Q

what are the 4 most important cells of the innate immuniyt?

A

Neutrophils
macrophages
dendritic cells
natural killer cells

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36
Q

the most important cells of the innate immunity?
Neutrphils
what is the function?

A

Phagochtosis
Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
antimicrobial peptides

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37
Q

the most important cells of the innate immunity?
Macrophages
what is the function?

A

phagocytosis
inflammatory mediators
antigen presentation
reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
cytokines
complement protiens

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38
Q

the most important cells of the innate immunity?
Dendritic cells
what is the function?

A

antigen presentation
costimulatory signals
reactive oxygen species
interferon
cytokines

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39
Q

the most important cells of the innate immunity?
natural killer cells
what is the function?

A

Lysis of viral-infected cells
interferon
macrophage activation

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40
Q

NB cells for phagocytosis
● Neutrophils
5 facts:
are they numerous?
immature=?
what do they do, where do they hang out, why?
How do you ID?
how many types of granules?

A

● Neutrophils
○ Most numerous innate cell
○ immature=banded neutrophils
○ Circulate in the BS looking for things to
eat :)
○ ID by expression of CD66
○ Contain 2 types of granules
■ Azurophilic
● Defensins
● Proteolytic enzymes
● Lysozyme
●** Myeloperoxidase**
■ Secondary granules
● Lysozyme
● Lactoferrin
● NADPH oxidase
components (toxic radicals)

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41
Q

NB cells for phagocytosis
● Neutrophils
what are the 2 types of ganules called?

A

Azurophilic
Secondary granules

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42
Q

NB cells for phagocytosis
● Neutrophils
○ Contain 2 types of granules
■ Azurophilic
4 examples are:

A

■ Azurophilic
● Defensins
● Proteolytic enzymes
● Lysozyme
● Myeloperoxidase

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43
Q

NB cells for phagocytosis
● Neutrophils
○ Contain 2 types of granules
■ Secondary granules
3 examples are?

A

■ Secondary granules
● Lysozyme
● Lactoferrin
● NADPH oxidase
components (toxic radicals)

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44
Q

NB cells for phagocytosis
● Macrophages
3 facts:
How do you ID?
What don’t they possess, what do they have, why?
what do they react to, how?

A

● Macrophages
○ ID by expression of CD14,Cd11b, F4/80
○ Do not possess granules but have
lysosomes that contain factors required
for intracellular killing mechs
○ React to SOS signals that induce
chemotaxis of macs towards the site of
microbe entry

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45
Q

Phagocytosis- background info
What are phagocytes?
what do they have?
what do they do?
why?

A

● phagocytes= have many receptors that
they can bind to microbes with to eat
them

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46
Q

Phagocytosis- background info
● phagocytes
what are teh 4 kids of receptors?

A
  1. Complement receptor
  2. Scavenger receptors
  3. Fc receptors
  4. Toll-like receptors TLR
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47
Q

Phagocytosis- background info
What are complement receptors and what do they do?

A
  1. Complement receptors=C3b
    a. Binds to the AG then AG binds to the
    phagocyte
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48
Q

Phagocytosis- background info
What are Scavenger receptors and what do they do?

A

Scavenger receptors= SRA,CD68,Lox-1,
CD36 bind directly to polyamines (on
bacT surface)

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49
Q

Phagocytosis- background info
what are Fc receptors and what do they do?

A

Fc receptors- on macs bind to the FC
regions on Ab that are bound to AG

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50
Q

Phagocytosis- background info
Toll-like receptors TLR what do they do?

A

Toll-like receptors TLR-
Recognize PAMPS

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51
Q

Phagocytosis- background info
What is the definition and what are the 4 functions?

A

Def: active process of capturing and
ingesting foreign objects/ microbes by
phagocytes (ex
neutrophils and macs)
○ Detects and destroys microbes
○ Removes damaged cells & foreign
objects
○ Induce productions of cytokines for
inflammation
○ Process and present AG to induce IR

52
Q

Phagocytosis
what are the 2 ways various receptors bind to microbes?

A

Phagocytes have various receptors to bind to microbes directly or through
opsonization (basically marks the pathogen to induce phagocytosis)

53
Q

Phagocytosis-
explain direct recognition?

A

● Direct recognition is performed by PRR recognizing PAMPS

54
Q

Steps of phagocytosis

what are the 7 steps?

A
  1. Chemotaxis move towards the target/phagocytes move toward SOS signal
  2. Phagocytes detect and bind to said
    target/object through appropriate receptors
  3. They surround the captured object with pseudopodia and engulf objects through endocytosis
  4. EndocytosedObject is enclosed in the phagosome
  5. Phagosome + lysosome=
    phagolysosome
  6. Lysosome releases its contents in the
    phagolysosome
  7. Digestion of the endocytosed object
55
Q

Steps of phagocytosis
Example beginning with Bacterium becoming attached to the membrane evaginations called Pseudopodia…next?

A

Bacterium is ingested forming phagosome

phagasome fuses with lysomsome

lysosomal enzyme digests captured material

digestion products are released from cell

56
Q

Process of Phagocytosis (more detailed)

purpose:

A

*Purpose: DETECT and DESTROY microorganisms, REMOVE damaged cells and foreign objects,
INDUCE cytokines, PROCESS and PRESENT antigens and induce immune response

57
Q

The 2 killing pathways

A

● Oxidative pathway ROS and RNS
● Non-oxidative (enzymatic)

58
Q

The 2 killing pathways
● Oxidative pathway ROS and RNS
● Oxygen dependent intracellular killing
explain ROS
what happens?
how is it activated?
what is the result?
how did it occur?

A

○ ROS
■ Glucose->NADPH
■ NADPH-> activated by cytochrome
oxidase
■ Result: superoxide anion
■ Basically the reactive O2 spp. will
change the chemical structure of
the cell and the bacT will be
destroyed.

59
Q

The 2 killing pathways
● Oxidative pathway ROS and RNS
● Oxygen dependent intracellular killing
○ RNS
what result?

A

○ RNS
■ Results in cell death

60
Q

The 2 killing pathways
● Oxidative pathway ROS and RNS
● Oxygen dependent intracellular killing
○ Myeloperoxidase dependent killing
what is it?

A

○ Myeloperoxidase dependent killing
■ essentially using bleach
(hypochlorous acid) to kill bacT
w/n the neutrophil

61
Q

The 2 killing pathways
● Non-oxidative (enzymatic)
how does this occur?
(4 steps)

A

● Non-oxidative (enzymatic)
○ Cationic proteins- damage bacT cell wall
○ Lysozyme- damages mucopeptides in
cell wall
○ Lactoferrin- sequesters iron
○ Proteolytic/ hydrolytic enzymes- digest
killed bacT

62
Q

Pathogen recognition
● Sentinel cells
what are they?

A

● Sentinel cells= DC, Macs, Mast cells

63
Q

Pathogen recognition
● Sentinel cells= DC, Macs, Mast cells
what do they contain? what do they do?

A

○ Contain Pattern Recognition Receptors(PRR) which will be able to recognize PAMPS and
DAMPS

64
Q

Pathogen recognition
● Sentinel cells= DC, Macs, Mast cells
○ Contain Pattern Recognition Receptors(PRR) which will be able to recognize PAMPS and
DAMPS
what are PAMPS? how are they expressed?

A

○ PAMPS- expressed by microbes and not host tissue

65
Q

Pathogen recognition
● Sentinel cells= DC, Macs, Mast cells
○ Contain Pattern Recognition Receptors(PRR) which will be able to recognize PAMPS and
DAMPS
What are DAMPS? where do they come from?

A

○ DAMPS- released by damaged host cells

66
Q

Pathogen recognition
● Sentinel cells= DC, Macs, Mast cells
○ Contain Pattern Recognition Receptors(PRR) which will be able to recognize PAMPS and
DAMPS
○ PAMPS- expressed by microbes and not host tissue
○ DAMPS- released by damaged host cells
○ There are 5 types of PRR, what are they?

A

■ Toll- like TLR
■ NOD like- NLR
■ RIG Like- RLR
■ C-type lectin CLR
■ Peptidoglycan- recognition proteins

67
Q

PRR
● Toll-like
where are they located?
how are they signaled?
what is the final result?

A

● Toll-like
○ Located on host cell membranes or
within the host cells
○ Signal through MyD88 except TLR3 TRIF
and TLR4 can do both
○ The end game: proinflammatory
cytokine production

68
Q

PRR
● NOD- like
what do they do, how?
what can it lead to?

A

● NOD- like
○ Detects intracellular pathogens via either
PAMPS or DAMPS
○ Detection of PAMPS= activation of
transcription factor NF-kB (very
important will come back again) which
results in expression of proinflammatory
cytokines
○ Can also lead to production of type 1
interferons

69
Q

PRR
● RIG- like
what do they detect?
how?
what do they do?

A

● RIG- like
○ Detect VIRUSES (viral RNA)
○ Induce production of type 1 interferons
and imflam. Cytokines

70
Q

PRR
● C- type Lectin
what is an example?
why is it important?

A

● C- type Lectin
○ Think fungi!
○ Side note: th17= is important for fungal
infections as well

71
Q

PRR
● Peptidoglycan recognition proteins
examples?
where are they found?
what do they produce?

A

● Peptidoglycan recognition proteins
○ NAG/NAM
○ Localized in granules of neutrophils
(acute bacT infection)
○ Produces defensins- antimicrobial
peptides

72
Q

Receptors
what are the 4 kinds?

A

● Scavenger receptors
● Toll-like receptors
● Fc receptors
● Complement

73
Q

Receptors
● Scavenger receptors
what do they do?
examples?

A

● Scavenger receptors
○ directly bind to polyamines on bacT
surfaces
○ SRA, CD68, Lox-1, CD36

74
Q

Receptors
● Toll-like receptors
where are they located?
what do they do?
what happens?

A

● Toll-like receptors
○ On the cell membrane or within the cell
○ Recognize PAMPS & DAMPS
○ Aid in secretion of inflammatory
cytokines

75
Q

Receptors
● Fc receptors
what happens?
what does it require?

A

● Fc receptors
○ When a phagocyte binds to the Fc region
of an AB it enhances the metabolic
activity of the phagocyte
○ Requires AB!

76
Q

Receptors
● Complement
what happens, what result?

**see slide to small to read.

A

● Complement
○ C3b binds to the AG which then results
in phagocytosis

77
Q

Natural
Killer
cells
What are NK cells?

A

They kill infected or tumor cells

78
Q

What are NK cells?

what are they also known as and what do they contain?

A

● Aka large granular lymphocytes (LGL) and contain granules

79
Q

What are NK cells?
where do they originate?

A

● Origin: bone marrow

80
Q

What are NK cells?
where are they located?

A

● Location: blood, spleen, liver

81
Q

What are NK cells?
Do they migrate? when?

A

● Migrate in lg #’s when inflammatory rxn is occurring

82
Q

What are NK cells?
Do they have AG specific receptors?

A

● No AG specific receptors like t&b cells

83
Q

What are NK cells?
what do they do?

A

● Recognize and kill virally infected or cancer cells

84
Q

What are NK cells?
what do the granules do?

A

● Contain granules which induce apoptosis

85
Q

What are NK cells?
what 2 types of immunity do they aid in?

A

● Nkt cells aid in both innate and adaptive immunity

86
Q

What are NK cells?
Humans & mice=?

A

● Humans & mice= express CD56, CD16 and LACK CD3

87
Q

What are NK cells?
● Pigs=?

A

● Pigs= no exclusive marker

88
Q

What are NK cells?
Cattle & Horses=?

A

Cattle & Horses= CD335

89
Q

NK Functions
Innate immunity
what are the 2 functions?

A

Innate immunity
○ Killing stressed/ infected/ tumor cells=
“abnormal”
■ abnormal= no MCH1 and/ or
express stress signals too
○ Aid in cytokine and chemokine
production

90
Q

NK Functions
Innate immunity
○ Killing stressed/ infected/ tumor cells=
“abnormal”
what is “abnormal”

A

■ abnormal= no MCH1 and/ or
express stress signals too

91
Q

NK Functions
what do inhibitory signals recognize? where?

A

● Inhibitory signals recognize MHC1
molecules found on ALL NORMAL
nucleated cells

92
Q

NK Functions
what are activating receptors
examples?

A

**● Activating receptors- bind to
stressed/ infected/ tumor cells (ex.
MICA & MICB)

93
Q

NK Functions
how are they regulated?

A

● Nk cells are regulated by a balance
between activating and inhibitory signals
○ Inhibitory signal is dominate

94
Q

NK Functions
how are they regulated?
which signal is dominant activating or inhibitory?

A

Nk cells are regulated by a balance
between activating and inhibitory signals
○ Inhibitory signal is dominate

95
Q

NK Functions
● KIRs=?

A

● KIRs= humans, cattle, cats, dogs,& pigs

96
Q

NK Functions
● KIRs= humans, cattle, cats, dogs,& pigs
explain:
3 facts

they are highly..
how are they expressed?

A

● KIRs= humans, cattle, cats, dogs,& pigs
○ Highly polymorphic
○ LILRs= expressed on NK cells &
leukocytes
○ NKp46= expressed only by NK cells!

97
Q

NK Functions
● KLRs=

A

● KLRs= mice, rates,& horses

98
Q

● KLRs= mice, rates,& horses
what do they express? how is it recognized?
what result?

A

● KLRs= mice, rates,& horses
○ NK express NKG2D which recognizes
MICA & MICB and results in apoptosis
○ NKG2D is also on gamma delta t cells
(will talk about later)

99
Q

NK Functions
In virto NK cells are activated by what?
what do they become?
how are they used?

A

● Side note:(will touch on again later)
○ In virto NK cells activated by IL2
and INFy become lymphokine activate
killer cells (LAK) which are
cutotoxic cells and can be used in
immunotherapy

100
Q

How do they know who to kill & how do they kill?
● Abnormal cells
most of the time they don’t express much ?
what do they express?
what result?

A

● Abnormal cells
○ Most of the time don’t express MCH1
○ Also express stress signals like MICA and
MICB
● Results in killing of the abnormal cell

101
Q

How do they know who to kill & how do they kill?
● Normal cells
How are they different?

A

● Normal cells
○** Strong inhibitory signals**
■ Normal MCH1 and absence of
stress hormones

102
Q

How do they know who to kill & how do they kill?
what signal is dominent? why does that matter?

A

Inhibitory signals are dominant and
will result in a do not kill signal

103
Q

How do they know who to kill & how do they kill?
● Perforin dependent- innate
what happens?
what result?
what does this induce?

A

● Perforin dependent- innate
○ Perforin granules are released
○ It creates a hole in the cell
○ Granzymes & proteases enter through
the hole
○** Induces apoptosis**

104
Q

How do they know who to kill & how do they kill?
● Fas/ FasL CD95/ CD95L- innate
what is expressed, by who? what result?

A

● Fas/ FasL CD95/ CD95L- innate
○ NK express CD95L and abnormal cells
express CD95 (death receptor) and will
result in apoptosis

105
Q

How do they know who to kill & how do they kill?
● CD16 pathway ADCC-adaptive
what is responding to what, how?

A

● CD16 pathway ADCC-adaptive
○ NK will respond to an AB that is
responding to an AG using CD16 (Fc
receptor)

106
Q

ADCC
1-antibody binds what?
where?
2-what do the FC receptors do?
3-cross-linking of what, signals what?
4-what happends to the target cell, how?

A

1-antibody binds antigen on the surface of teh target cell
2- fc reseptors on NK cell recognise bound antibody
3-cross-linking of Fc receptors signals the NK cell to kill the target cell
4-target cell dies by apoptosis

107
Q

ADCC
Its NB to know that target recognition through ? only occurs when ? are present?

A

Its NB to know that target recognition through CD16
only occurs when AB are present ;)

108
Q

Regulation of NK cells
what are they activated by?

A

*Activated by IL-1, IL-2, IL-12, IL-15, IL-18, IL-21, and type 1 and 2 interferons

109
Q

Regulation of NK cells
are they In vitro?

A

*In vitro

110
Q

Regulation of NK cells
*Activation via above= what turns to what which result in what?

A

*Activation via above=Nk cells turn into LAK (lymphokine activated killer cells)
which have increased cytotoxic capacity

111
Q

Regulation of NK cells
what can LAK be used for?

A

*LAK can be used for tumor immunotherapy

112
Q

Regulation of NK cells
what does *LAK—>

A

*LAK—>highly cytotoxic cell

113
Q

NK subtypes
4 what are they?

A

● NK T cells
● NK cells that are similar to t
lymphocytes
● NK DCs
● DC that are similar to NK cells

114
Q

NK subtypes
● NK cells that are similar to t
lymphocytes
origin?
express?
specific to what?
what are they made of?
How are they activated?
what do they link?
examples (4)?

A

● NK cells that are similar to t
lymphocytes
○ From thymic origin
○ Express and invariant alpha beta
TCR
○ Only specific to a few pathogens
○ They are CD4+ cells
○ Activated by IL-15
○ Link the t cell system and NK cells
○ Allergies, antitumor immunity,
autoimmunity, and
antimicrobial immunity roles

115
Q

NK subtypes
● DC that are similar to NK cells
spontaneously what?
can present to ?
produce what?
link what?

A

● DC that are similar to NK cells
○** Spontaneously lyse tumor cells**
○ Can present to naive T cells
○ Produce larger amounts of INFy
○ Link innate and adaptive immunity

116
Q

Which of the following is NOt one of the most important
cells of innate immunity?

A. Mast Cells
B. B. NK cells
C. Neutrophils
D. Macrophages

A

A

117
Q

Which of the following is a first line of defense?

A.Antibodies
B.Complement
System

C.Phagocytosis

D.Sweat

A

D

118
Q

Which of the following Phagocytosis receptors require
AB?

A.Fc receptors
B.Scavenger
Receptors
C.Toll Like
Receptors
D.Complement
Receptors

A

A

119
Q

DIn which of the following do endocytosed material occur
during phagocytosis?

A.Pseudopodia
B.Phagosome
C.Endocytosis
D.Phagolysosome

A

D

120
Q

Which of the following is true regarding a malfunctioning
phagocytic system?

A.Increase in adaptive immunity
B.Increased inflammatory response
C.Increased infection rate

D.Increased detention and destruction of

pathogenic microorganisms

A

C

121
Q

Which of the following PRR binds for viral recognition?

A.RIG-like receptors
B.NOD-like receptors
C.C-type Lectin receptors
D.Peptidoglycan-recognition

receptors

A

A

122
Q

Which of the following is released by NK cells to activate

macrophages?

A.Cytokines
B.IL-17

C.IFN gamma
D.Angel Stop
asking me these

things

A

C

123
Q

If a NK cell were to come upon this cell, the NK cell would induce

apoptosis. True or False?

A.True
B.False

A

B

124
Q

Activating signal is the dominant signal for NK cells.

A.True
B.False

A

B

125
Q

Which of the following NK cell pathways works by creating a pore
in the target cell and releasing enzymes to induce apoptosis?

A.Perforin-dependent

Pathway

B.Fas/FasL Binding
C.CD16/ADCCC
D.Idk man

A

A

126
Q

What is the end result of the FAs/ FAsl pathway?
Follow up : what is another name for this pathway?

A. It results in activating the
adaptive immune system
B. Bpoptosis
C. It aids in the cells
replicating rapidly
D. Apoptosis

A

D

Immuno (13 decks)

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