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immunology > immunology (microbiology 1) > Flashcards

immunology (microbiology 1) Flashcards

1
Q

list unique stuff about prokaryotes

A

DNA not enclosed in membrane, circular and supercoiled

DNA not associated with histones and low protein content

No organelles

Divide by binary fission

Form biofilms

Complex cell wall

70S ribosomes

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2
Q

list unique stuff about eukaryotes

A

Discrete nucleus with nuclear membrane

Linear genetic material

DNA has high histone content and non-histone proteins

Organelles

Divide by mitosis and meiosis

Simple cell wall if present

80S ribosomes

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3
Q

how is bacteria classification done now?

A

Clarified now by genotyping

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4
Q

list methods of bacterial classification.

list 3

A

Taxonomy and classification based originally on phenotypic and metabolic behaviour

G-C content has also been used

Clarified now by genotyping

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5
Q

Binomial system used for classifying _________, __________, __________ and _________

A

bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses

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6
Q

who made the Description of fruiting bodies of moulds drawings.

in what year

A

Robert Hooke

1664

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7
Q

Who used simple microscope and
described ‘wee animalcules’

and what year

A

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

1684

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8
Q

three things that Louis Pasteur did?

A

disproved the ‘spontaneous regeneration’ theory

demonstrate heat sterilisation

also developed vaccines

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9
Q

Three things that Robert Koch did

A

Demonstrated that microorganisms cause disease
Developed a set of postulates
Developed culture media for growing bacteria

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10
Q

Bacteria, and protozoa visible using __________________

what is the size

A

Bacteria, and protozoa visible using light microscope
Greater than 0.3μm

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11
Q

Viruses only visualised by ____________________ , ___________________ μm

A

Viruses only visualised by electron microscopy
0.01 – 0.30 μm

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12
Q

what are the main differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

One of the major differences between them is the presence of membrane – bound organelles, including the nucleus in eukaryotes

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13
Q

list types of prokaryotes?

A

Bacteria

Archaea

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14
Q

Archaea thrive in _______________________ environments

A

extreme environments hot springs, freezing water, highly salty, acidic,. and alkaline environments

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15
Q

list the organisms under eukaryotes.

A

Algae
Fungi
Protozoa

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16
Q

Eukaryotes evolved and gained three things?
namely

A

Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Internal membranes

17
Q

Eukaryotes bound nucleus by ___________

A

endosymbiosis or (endosymbiotic hypothesis)

18
Q

_______________incorporated into cells led to photosynthesis

A

Phototrophic bacteria

19
Q

__________ gives energy in exchange for safety

A

Mitochondria

20
Q

Within both prokaryotes and eukaryotes we see considerable microbial diversity of: list 4

A

Structure
Function
Behaviour
Adaptation

21
Q

what Systematic nomenclature IS USED TO CLASSIFY bacteria, fungi, protozoa and viruses

A

THE Binomial system

22
Q

How is Binomial system do?

A

Genus first, always with a capital letter, e.g. Escherichia
Species follows with no capital, e.g. coli
Short form E. coli or E. coli
Names always written in italics or underlined

23
Q

Gene sequencing of 16S or 18S ribosomal RNA enables _________________

A

phylogenetic relationships to be calculated

24
Q

_____________Amplify gene of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

A

Phylogenetic relationships

25
Q

list types of bacteria

A

Green Filamentous bacteria
Gram positives
Spirochetes
Proteobacteria
Cyanobacteria
Planctomyces
Bacteroids Cytophaga
Thermotoga
Aquifex

26
Q

list types of archaea

A

Halophines
Metyanosarcina
Methanobacterium
Methanococcus
T-cell
Thermoproteous
Pyrodicticum

27
Q

list types of eukaryotes

A

Entamoebae
Slime molds
Animals
Fungi
Plants
Ciliates
Flage IIates
Trichomonads
Microsporidia
Diplomonads

28
Q

What is antagonism in relationship with microbial populations

A

production of toxins and antibiotics

29
Q

what organisms are in the phylogenetic tree of life?

A

bacteria
archaea
eucaryota

30
Q

in which situation do Microbial populations cooperate to provide nutrients for others

A

bacteria in the GUT or in the mouth

31
Q

Humans have ______________cells and _______________ microorganisms associated with them
humans have

A

Humans have 10^13 cells and 10^16 microorganisms associated with them

32
Q

microbial population relationship with their host can be _________________,_______________ or ____________________

A

mutualistic, saprophytic, or parasitic

immunology (8 decks)

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