Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dermatology > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

T/F the skin is an immunological system?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What 4 factors contribute to the skin being an immunological system?

A 
Structure
-Keratin layer
-Stratification
Cell types
-Immune cells
-Keratinocytes
Cytokines, chemokines, eicosanoids and antimicrobial peptides
Genetics
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the four main immune response categories?

A 
Normal immune response 
-Infection controlled
Hypersensitivity 
-Overreacting to antigen
Immunodeficiency
-Infection not controlled
Autoimmunity
-Reaction to host tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is another name for the keratin layer?

A

Stratum corneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What do keratinocytes do?

A

Sense pathogens throught he cell surface receptors and help mediate an immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What can activate keratinocytes?

A

UV light

Sensitizers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What do keratinocytes produce to directly kill pathogens?

A

Antimicrobial peptides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In which disease are AMPs found in high levels?

A

Psoriasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do keratinocytes produce that recruits and regulates cells of the immune system?

A

Cytokines and chemokines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the main skin resident immune cells?

A

Langerhan’s cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What characterizes Langerhan’s cells?

A

Birbeck granule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do birbeck granules do?

A

Act as sentinels in the epidermis

Process lipid antigens and present them to effector T cells to activate them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where in the skin are T cells found?

A

Dermis and Epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T/F healthy skin contains a large number of T cells

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which T cells are mainly found in the epidermis?

A

CD8+ T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which T cells are found in the dermis?

A

Both CD4 and CD8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which CD4+ T cells are associated with psoriasis?

A

Th1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which CD4+ T cells are associated with Atopic dermatitis?

A

TH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which CD4+ cells are associated with both psoriasis and atopic dermatitis?

A

TH17

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where are T cells produced?

A

In the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Where do T cells become sensitized?

A

In the thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What do TH1 cells do and how?

A

Activate macrophages to destroy microorganisms

Release of IL2, IFNy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do TH2 cells do and how?

A

Help B cells produce antibodies

Release of IL,4,5 and 6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the function of CD8 T cells?

A

Can kill infected cells directly

Important protection against viruses and cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are the 2 types of dendritic cell found in the dermis?

A

Dermal DC

Plasmacytoid DC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What do Dermal DCs do?

A

Involved in antigen presenting and secreting chemo/cytokines

27
Q

What do plasmacytod DCs do?

A

Produce INFa

28
Q

Where are plasmacytoid DCs found?

A

In diseased skin

29
Q

What are other cells found in the dermis?

A

Macrophages
Neutrophils
Mast cells

30
Q

Where are mast cells found?

A

In barriers

31
Q

What are mast cells effectors of?

A

IgE immune response

32
Q

What causes activation of mast cells?

A

IgE binfing

33
Q

What inflammatory mediators do mast cells release?

A

Tryptase, chymase, TNF, histmaine
IL (3,4,6,8,13,16,18)
IFNy
PDG2, PGE2

34
Q

What does MHC stand for?

A

Major Histocompatibility complex

35
Q

What chromosome is MHC a region of?

A

Chromosome 6

36
Q

How many classes of MHC are there?

A

2

37
Q

Where is class 1 MHC found?

A

On almost all cells

38
Q

What are the functions of class 1 MHC?

A

Present antigen to cytotoxic T cells
Presents host antigen to T cell to prevent killing
Presents altered host antigen to T Cell if damaged for killing

39
Q

Where are MHC class 2 found?

A

B cells

Macrophages

40
Q

What T cells do MHC2 present to?

A

T helper cells

41
Q

What antigens do MHC2 present?

A

Exogenous antigens

42
Q

What triggers psoriasis?

A

Environmental and genetic factors

43
Q

Are psoraitic plaques reversible?

A

Yes

44
Q

What type of immune response is shown in psoriasis?

A

Non-ending super-accelerated phase 2 immune response

45
Q

What happens when minor trauma occurs when the body has genetic variants that increase wound healing?

A

Minor trauma to the skin or hair growth can trigger the inflammatory pathway

46
Q

True/False Psoriasis is heterozygous

A

False

Its homozygous

47
Q

What % of the population are affected by psoriasis?

A

2-3%

48
Q

Which type of people are most affected by atopic eczema?

A

Children

49
Q

What mutation is present in 1/2 of eczema patients?

A

Fillagrin gene mutation

50
Q

What are the two factors of eczema?

A

Loose skin barrier

Overactive immune response to allergens and microbes

51
Q

What 6 things does autoimmunity include?

A 
Lymphocyte abnormalities
Intercell communication
Genetic predisposition
Anatomic alterations
Hormonal influence
Infection
52
Q

Name 3 autoimmune conditions that affect the skin?

A

SLE
Psoriasis
Vitiligo

53
Q

What is the mechanism behind SLE?

A

Faulted apoptosis of cells leads to an accumulation of host DNA
This overwhelms the system and leads to the formation of autoantibodies to DNA

54
Q

What is the main trigger in SLE?

A

UV exposure

55
Q

What are the two branches of immunodeficiency?

A

Primary

Secondary

56
Q

Which is inherited, primary or secondary immunodeficiency?

A

Primary

57
Q

What are some causes of secondary immunodeficiency?

A 
AIDs
Malignancy
Aging
Diabetes
Renal malfunction
Burns
Alcoholic cirrhosis
Malnutrition
58
Q

What mediates Type 1 hypersensitivity?

A

IgE

59
Q

Briefly describe Type 1 hypersensitivity

A

Early exposure to allergen causes the production of IgE, which binds to FcR1 receptor on mast cells
Later exposure causes rapid crosslinking of the receptors, signal transduction and degranulation of the mast cell

60
Q

What mediates Type 2 and 3 hypersensitivities?

A

IgM and IgG

61
Q

What mediates Type 4 hypersensitivity?

A

TH1 cells

62
Q

Is Type 4 hypersensitivity delayed?

A

Yes

63
Q

What does aging do to the skin?

A 
Changes in skin structure
Decreased ability to detect:
-Malignant cells
-Antigens
-Self-Vs non-self

Dermatology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions