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Dermatology > Allergy > Flashcards

Allergy Flashcards

1
Q

What is hypersensitivity?

A

An immune response that causes collateral damage to the self

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2
Q

How many types of hypersensitivity are there?

A

4

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3
Q

How fast is type 1 allergy?

A

Immediate

Minutes to 2 hours

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4
Q

Is type 1 allergy consistent with every exposure?

A

Yes

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5
Q

What are some routes of exposure to allergens?

A

Skin contact
Inhalation
Ingestion
Injection

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6
Q

What is the pathophysiology of Type 1 allergy

A

Allergen is encounteres
Dendritic cell takes up antigen
Presents antigen to T cell
TH2 cell releases IL4,5 and 13
Which activates B cells to release allergen specific IgE
Which activated mast cells causing them to degranulate
Releasing histamines, leukotrines, cytokines and prostaglandins

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7
Q

What is urticaria?

A

Extremely itchy compressible dermal swelling

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8
Q

When does urticaria appear?

A

Within 1 hour

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9
Q

How long does urticaria last?

A

2-6 hours

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10
Q

What does urticaria look like?

A

Hives

Nettle rash

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11
Q

What is angioedema/

A

Localised swelling of subcutaneous tissue
Non pitting
Not itchy

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of anaphylaxis?

A 
Hives
Flushing
Facial swelling
Rapid breathing
Hypotension
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13
Q

What are some investigations for Type 1 allergy?

A

History
Specific IgE
Skin prick test
Challenge test

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14
Q

What is the treatment for type 1 allergy?

A

Allergen avoidance
Anti-histamine
Corticosteroids
Adrenaline auto-injector

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of a Type 4 allergy?

A

Delayed
Antigen specific
T cell mediated
Onset after 24-48 hours

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16
Q

What is an example of a type 4 allergy?

A

Contact allergic dermatitis

17
Q

What is the investigation for type 4 hypersensitivity?

A

patch testing

18
Q

What is the treatment for type 4 hypersensitivity?

A 
Allergen avoidance
Emollients
Topical steroids
UV phototherapy
Immunosuppressants

Dermatology (13 decks)

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