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Learning Points Path > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

What is bare lymphocyte syndrome?

A

Defect with MHC Class II expression; NO CD4+, failure to make IgA or IgG antibody

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2
Q

Acute cellular mediated rejection; what cells are involved and what kind of mechanism does Tx focus on?

A

T cells, type IV reaction

Treat with T cell suppressors

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3
Q

Translocation in Mantle Cell Lymphoma

A

t(11,14)

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4
Q

Target of immune system in TTP

A

glycoprotein IIb and IIIa

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5
Q

Kostmann syndrome, what and how is it inherited?

A

Autosomal recessive, severe neutropenia

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6
Q

T cell inhibitor and calcineurin inhibitor

A

Tacrolimus

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7
Q

How might Hyper IgM syndrome present? How is it inherited?

A

Boys present with failure to thrive in first few years of life, recurrent bacterial infections, e.g. PCP.

Normal number of circulating B cells. X-linked

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8
Q

C3 deficiency presents how?

A

severe susceptibility to bacterial infections, esp. encapsulated (meningococcus, streptococcus, haemophilus)

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9
Q

How might CVID present?

A

recurrent bacterial infections with end organ damage, autoimmune disease, BRONCHIECTASIS

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10
Q

Type I hypersensitivity plus example?

A

IgE mediated

e.g. anaphylaxis, atopic dermatitis, oral allergy syndrome

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11
Q

Gum hyperplasia plus calcineurin inhibitor?

A

Cyclosporin A

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12
Q

DHR flow cytometry test; used for what and what result?

A

Chronic granulomatous disease; would also be negative

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13
Q

Rituximab MOA and uses?

A

Anti CD20; RA and lymphoma

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14
Q

Abatacept

A

CTL4 immunoglobin fusion protein, Tx in RA

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15
Q

Drug to treat psoriasis and MOA

A

Ustekinumab (anti IL12 and 23)

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16
Q

single gene mutation in FOXp3

A

IPEX - immune dysregulation poly endo enteropathy x linked

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17
Q

Cells that express Foxp3 and CD25

A

T regulatory cells

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18
Q

subset of cells that express CD4 and secrete IFN gamma and IL2

A

Th1

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19
Q

Low IgM, high IgA and IgE

A

Wiskott Aldrich

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20
Q

Mouse antibody

A

OKT3

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21
Q

Targets neuraminidase/haemogglutinin

A

Oseltamivir, zanamivir

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22
Q

Type II hypersensitivity, example?

A

IgG or IgM mediated

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, Goodpasture’s, Grave’s pernicious anaemia, vasculitis conditions

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23
Q

Anti-topoisomerase

A

Diffuse scleroderma

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24
Q

ALPS autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome

A

failure of t cell death, mutations in Fas pathway

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25
Q

Anti-centromere

A

Limited scleroderma: CREST

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26
Q

DiGeorge syndrome, what is it and what features?

A

22q11. deletion

CATCH:
Cardiac abnormalities
Abnormal facies
Thymic aplasia (no T cells)
Cleft palate
Hypocalcaemia

Normal number of B cells and reduced T cells

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27
Q

Tx for malignant melanoma and MOA

A

Ipilimumab ; targets CTLA4

Pembroluzimab

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28
Q

Patient with recurrent pneumococcal infections and meningitis

A

complement deficiency

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29
Q

Failure to express CD40L on activated T cells

A

Hyper IgM syndrome

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30
Q

Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome

A

AIRE gene problem

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31
Q

Causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

A

John Cunningham virus

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32
Q

What is used to prevent organ transplant rejection? MOA?

A

Tacrolimus; involved with T cell check points

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33
Q

How does SCID present?

A

unwell by 3 months of age, persistent diarrhoea, unusual skin disease

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34
Q

Prophylaxis of allograft rejection, IV before + after

A

Basiliximab

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35
Q

Mycophenate mofetil

A

Prevent guanine synthesis, used to prevent rejection in allograft

36
Q

What receptors do phagocytes express?

A

Toll like receptors

Fc receptors

37
Q

Chemokine responsible for promoting eosinophil growth

A

IL5

38
Q

Type IV hypersensitivity, example?

A

Delayed, T cell mediated

T1DM, MS, RA, Crohn’s

39
Q

Anti-mitochondrial

A

PBC

40
Q

Bruton’s, what is it and what is the mode of inheritance?

A

Low B cells, no Ig.

X linked

41
Q

Recurrent TB infection

A

IFN-y receptor deficiency

42
Q

Young girl with normal B cells, normal CD8+ but absence of CD4+

A

Bare lymphocyte

43
Q

Myeloperoxidase deficiency

A

Positive nitro blue test, risk of candida

44
Q

How to treat methotrexate resistant RA?

A

Anti-TNF alpha

45
Q

Type III hypersensitivity, example?

A

IgG or IgM immune complexes deposited in tissues

SLE, Goodpasture’s

46
Q

Defective B cell tyrosine kinase gene

A

Bruton’s X-linked gammaglobinaemia

47
Q

Patient gets recurrent infections with negative NBT and dihdrorrhadamine tests

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

48
Q

Adult with bronchiestasis, recurrent sinusitis and development of atypical SLE. Diagnosis?

A

Common variable deficiency

49
Q

Anti-TNF alpha drugs

A

Infiliximab
Etanercerpt
Adalimumab

50
Q

Rituximab MOA

A

CD20

51
Q

What organisms does a complement deficiency put you at risk of?

A

encapsulated bacteria

52
Q

Translocation in Burkitt’s

A

t(8:14)

53
Q

Low or absent T cells, normal or high B cells

Poorly developed lymphoid tissue in thymus

A

X-linked SCID

54
Q

Vaccine every 5 years given to splenectomy patients

A

Pneumococcal

55
Q

HLA association in Rheumatoid?

A

HLA DR3 and DR4

56
Q

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency

A

High number of neutrophils in blood, unable to exit blood. No pus produced

57
Q

Translocation in follicular lymphoma

A

t(14,18)

58
Q

Low IgG, IgA and IgE

A

Common variable immune deficiency

59
Q

t(14,18)

A

follicular lymphoma

60
Q

Diabetes, eczema, enteropathy

A

IPEX

61
Q

First cytokine released when exposed to allergen

A

IL 12

62
Q

Levels of CH50 in RA

A

High; indicator of acute inflammation

63
Q

Fully humanised TNF-alpha monoclonal Ab

A

Adalimumab

64
Q

Stiff man syndrome

A

Anti GAD

65
Q

SLE is a deficiency of what part of the complement?

A

Classical pathway; C1, 2, 4

66
Q

Ibrutinib can be used in which leukemia?

A

CLL

67
Q

Worsening Crohn’s, already on Azathioprine and Prednisolone, what tx?

A

Infliximab - Anti TNF alpha

68
Q

Inhibits function of lymphoid and myeloid cells and used in management of rheumatoid arthritis

A

Tocilizumab

69
Q

Defect in gamma chain of IL-2 receptor

A

X-linked SCID

70
Q

Anti CD25 for prophylaxis of allograft rejection, inhibits T cell proliferation

A

Basiliximab

71
Q

Abatacept and use?

A

Anti - CTLA4

Remember: In ‘R’heumatoid ‘A’rthri’T’is you use ‘R’ituximab ‘A’batacept and ‘Tocolizumab’

72
Q

Basiliximab and use?

A

Anti CD25, IL-2 receptor

Allograft rejection prophylaxis

73
Q

Rituximab and use?

A

Anti CD20

RA

Remember: In ‘R’heumatoid ‘A’rthri’T’is you use ‘R’ituximab ‘A’batacept and ‘Tocolizumab’

74
Q

Natalizumab and use?

A

Anti-alpha 4 integrin

MS, Crohn’s

Remember: Natalie the ALPHA-4 female. She is a woman and more women get MS

75
Q

Tocolizumab and use?

A

Anti IL-6

RA

Remember: In ‘R’heumatoid ‘A’rthri’T’is you use ‘R’ituximab ‘A’batacept and ‘Tocolizumab’

76
Q

Tx for severe Type 2 hypersensitivity disease?

A

Plasmapheresis

77
Q

anti-TNF alpha drugs

A

Infliximab (‘nf’ like TNF)
Adalimumab
Etanercerpt (intercepts or inter’cerpts’ the TNF)

78
Q

What does HAART consist of?

A

2 NRTIs + PI (or NNRTI)

e.g. Emtricitabine, tenofovir and Efavirenz (NNRTI)

79
Q

Protein target in MS?

A

synovial membrane proteins

80
Q

type of rejection (time frame) in ABO rejection

A

hyper acute

81
Q

Which factor causes fibrosis in systemic sclerosis/crest?

A

TGF-beta

82
Q

Anti tyrosine phosphatase

A

Anti-IA-2 antibodies and anti-phogrin in DM

83
Q

anti liver kidney antibodies

A

autoimmune hepatitis type 2

84
Q

Atypical granulmous in preveiously health

A

IFN-gamma receptor deficiency

85
Q

Nod2/CARD15

A

Crohn’s

86
Q

Treatment for MRSA if person has penicillin allergy?

A

Macrolide, e.g. erythromycin

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