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Learning Points Path > Haem > Flashcards

Haem Flashcards

1
Q

Target cells

A

Hyposplenism, thalassaemia, IDA

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2
Q

Target INR

1st episode DVT/PE
AF
Recurrent DVT/PE
Mechanical valve

A

1st episode DVT/PE: [2.5]
AF: [2-3]
Recurrent DVT/PE: [3.5]
Mechanical valve: [2.5-3.5]

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3
Q

Types of amyloid and association

A

AL: associated with multiple myeloma
AA: associated with chronic inflammatory disease e.g. `RA

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4
Q

Rouleux sign

A

Myeloma

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5
Q

What is TTP? How might it present? What might you see on blood film?

A

Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura

The Terrible Pentad:
Fever
Neuro signs
Renal problems
Anaemia
Platelets

Blood film: schistocytes

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6
Q

Which type of Hodgkin’s lymphoma carries the best prognosis?

A

lymphocyte predominant

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7
Q

Hb NR

A

For men, 13.5 to 17.5 g/dL

For women, 12.0 to 15.5 g/dL

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8
Q

Protein S deficiency results in impaired degradation of what factors?

A

Factors 5a and 8a

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9
Q

Micromegakaryocytes

A

Found in myelodysplasia

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10
Q

AIHA after mycoplasma or EBV infection

A

Cold Agglutinin Disease

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11
Q

Types of paraproteinaemia

A

Myelomas (MGUS, smouldering myeloma, myeloma) and
Waldenstrom’s Macroglobinaemia
Systemic Amyloidosis

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12
Q

4 infectious causes of NHL?

A

EBV (Burkitts), H. pylori (MALT), coeliac (EALT), HTLV1 (Adult t cell lymphoma)

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13
Q

donath landsteiner antibodies

A

paroxysmal cold haemoglobinuria

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14
Q

Intrinsic pathway factors

A

12, 11, 9, 8, 10

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15
Q

Days after transfusion, jaundice and fever

A

Delayed haemolytic reaction

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16
Q

Creatinine NR

A

♂ 59–104 μmol/ L

♀ 45–84 μmol/ L

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17
Q

At what INR would you give Vit K? What would you do with the warfarin?

A

> 5; stop warfarin, give vit K

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18
Q

physiological changes of pregnancy

A

platelets fall, plasma increases, MCV increases

Factors 7, vWF and fibrinogen all increase

Protein S falls

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19
Q

Most common type of Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

nodular sclerosing

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20
Q

Pancytopenia with skeletal abnormalities, renal malformations, short stature, skin pigmentation

A

Fanconi’s anaemia

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21
Q

morning haemoglobinuria, thrombosis

A

paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria

22
Q

Thalassaemia intermedia

A

HbA2

23
Q

Normal bleeding time, normal or prolonged APTT, low factor 8

A

Haemophilia

24
Q

Cabot rings

A

megaloblastic anaemia

25
Q

Auer rod + PML RARA fusion gene

A

Acute promyelocytic leukaemia

26
Q

Ring sideroblasts

A

Myelodysplastic syndromes, refractory anaemias

27
Q

Haemophilia A

A

Factor 8 deficiency; normal APTT

X linked recessive

28
Q

Extrinsic pathway factors

A

7, 5

29
Q

Skull bossing, maxillary hypertrophy, hairs on end skull x-ray

A

Beta thalassaemia

30
Q

Urea NR

A

2.5 – 7.8 mmol/L

31
Q

Enzyme controlling urea levels

A

HGPRT

32
Q

Pseudo-Pelger Huet anomaly

A

aka Hyposegmented neutrophils

Found in myelodysplasia

33
Q

AIHA found in lymphoproliferative disorders, drugs, autoimmune disorders

A

Warm AIHA

34
Q

IgM paraprotein plus visual disturbance

A

Waldenstrom’s

35
Q

paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria test?

A

Ham’s test

36
Q

Immediately post transfusion: rash, bloody diarrhoea, jaundice

A

GVHD

37
Q

HUS? What signs? Cause?

A

Haemolytic uraemia syndrome

High bleeding time, high creatinine, schistocytes

Toxin mediated (e.g. bloody diarrhoea from E. Coli)

38
Q

MOA of heparin?

A

Potentiates antithrombin III, which inactive thrombin and factors 9, 10 and 11

39
Q

Vitamin K dependent factors

A

2, 7, 9, 10

40
Q

prolonged bleeding time, normal or prolonged APTT, low factor 8

A

vWD

41
Q

Clover leaf nuclei

A

Adult T cell lymphoma

42
Q

Basophilic stippling

A

Thalassaemia trait, alcoholism

43
Q

tear drop poikolocytes

A

myelofibrosis

44
Q

Antidote to heparin?

A

Protamine sulphate

45
Q

Richter’s transformation; what is it and how might it present?

A

transformation of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or hairy cell leukemia into a fast-growing diffuse large B cell lymphoma, a variety of non-Hodgkin lymphoma

Present with endobronchial mass, haemoptysis

46
Q

Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase

A

Hairy cell leukaemia

47
Q

Bleeding from mucous membranes

A

vWD

48
Q

massive SM, low plt, low red cells, normal WCC

A

myelofibrosis

49
Q

Japanese, caribbean, HTLV-1

A

Adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma

50
Q

17p deletion

A

bad prognosis in CLL

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