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Learning Points Path > Chem Path > Flashcards

Chem Path Flashcards

1
Q

lithium overdose presents how?

A

tremor, lethargy, fits, RENAL FAILURE

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2
Q

Calculate anion gap

What might cause a raised anion gap?

A

Na + K - Cl - Bicarb

Ketones, urea, lactate, toxins (KULT)

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3
Q

What is Bartter’s syndrome?

A

Defect in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. It is characterized by hypokalemia, alkalosis, and hypotension. Also associated with high urinary calcium.

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4
Q

phenytoin toxicity

A

ataxia, nystagmus

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5
Q

high aldosterone high renin indicates what condition?

A

Renal Artery Stenosis

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6
Q

Smouldering myeloma criteria

A

Paraprotein > 30g/dL, plasma cells > 10%

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7
Q

high aldosterone low renin indicates what condition?

A

Conn’s

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8
Q

Biochemistry of renal osteodystrophy?

A

Low calcium

High phosphate

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9
Q

MGUS criteria

A

Paraprotein <30, plasma cells <10

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10
Q

What is the fluid status in SIADH?

A

Euvolaemia with hyponatraemia

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11
Q

Schmidt’s or AIPE

A

Hypothyroid
T1DM
Addisons

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12
Q

Non classical Hodgkins plus lymphocytic and histiocytic cells

A

Nodular lymphocytic

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13
Q

Arthralgia, chonedrocalcinosis, hepatomegaly, high transferrin saturation

A

Haemochromatosis

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14
Q

digoxin toxicity

A

arrhythmias, confusion, xanopthsia (seeing yellow)

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15
Q

EPP (erythropoietic protoporphyria)

A

photosensitive, skin lesions ONLY

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16
Q

Brown tumours

A

Osteitis fibrosa cystica (Browns tumours) from hyperparathyroidism

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17
Q

vWD: abnormal platelet aggregation when exposed to…?

Treatment?

A

Ristocetin

Tx: Desmopressin

18
Q

low Na, high serum osmolality

A

Diabetes

19
Q

Rapid correction of K+ causes what?

A

Central pontine myelinolysis

20
Q

urine osmolality > 20 vs. <20?

A

> 20 implies renal problem; e.g. AKI, renal failure

<20 implies non renal; cardiac failure (reduced cardiac output), cirrhosis (lots of NO produced)

21
Q

Vit K dependent clotting factors

A

2, 5, 9, 10

22
Q

How is acute intermittent porphyria treated?

A

IV carbohydrate / haem arginate

23
Q

Transferrin and TIBC levels in IDA

A

High

24
Q

x ray features of osteoid osteoma

A

radiolucent nidus with sclerotic rim

25
Q

Acute intermittent porphyria; what is deficient and how is it diagnosed?

A

HMB synthase deficiency (hydroxymethylbilane)

ALA and PBG in urine

26
Q

Port wine urine

A

Acute intermittent porphyria

27
Q

What are the different types of renal tubular acidosis?

A

Type 1: Problem with H+ transporter; resulting in acid retention and hypoklaemia

Type 2: failure to reabsorb bicarbonate –> acid retention and hypokalaemia

Type 4: aldosterone deficiency or resistance (acidosis and hyperkalaemia) Diabetes can cause this

28
Q

Treatment for renal tubular acidosis?

A

oral SandoK, if K+ lower than 3, consider IV

29
Q

Beri Beri

A

decreased muscle function, confusion, SOB

30
Q

How to calculate corrected calcium?

A

measured + ([40-albumin] x 0.02)

31
Q

theophylline

A

arrhythmias, anxiety, tremor, convulsions

32
Q

gentamicin

A

tinnitus, deafness, nystagmus, RENAL FAILURE

33
Q

Post transfusion: chest pain, fever, chills, pain along IV line, dark urine

A

ABO incompatible transfusion

34
Q

B6 and deficiency

A

Pyroxidine, dermatitis, anaemia, neuropathy

35
Q

urine osmolality > plasma osmolality

A

SIADH

36
Q

What medication can cause low sodium

A

Carbamazepine

37
Q

Potassium levels in DKA?

A

High

38
Q

t4 normal, high TSH

A

subclinical hypothyroidism

39
Q

Acronym for guthrie test

A

IMHGMsP

I must have good maple syrup pancakes

40
Q

Adrenals layers and functions

A

Go Find Rex, Make Great Sex

Glomerulosa - mineralocorticoids
Fasiculata - glucocorticoids
Medulla - testosterone

Learning Points Path (6 decks)

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