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*Haematology + Immunology > Immunology 6 - Immunotherapy > Flashcards

Immunology 6 - Immunotherapy Flashcards

1
Q

Acute rejection is associated with what?

A

T cell responses that mediate cell infiltration into the graft

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2
Q

Cyclosporine inhibits what?

A

Calcineurin

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3
Q

Rapamycin inhibits what?

A

Rapamycin

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4
Q

What are the types of immunity?

A

Innate
Active Adaptive
Passive Adaptive

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5
Q

What are the passive adaptive types of immunity?

A

Colostrum IgA

Placental IgG

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6
Q

What immunoglobulins are used for PEP?

A 
Human Normal Immunoglobulin (Hep A, Measles, Polio, Rubella)
Specific Immunoglobulins (Hep B, Rabies, Tetanus)
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7
Q

What is IV Ig?

A

Plasma derived polyclonal IgG for replacement therapy

Used in autoimmune diseases or immunodeficiencies

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8
Q

Give 3 indications for IV Ig?

A 
Primary immunodeficiencies 
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Kawasaki disease
Multiple myeloma
Guillain Barre
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9
Q

What are the different types of immunotherapy?

A

Direct (targeted)

Indirect

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10
Q

How do direct immunotherapies work?

A

Antibodies/fragments which detect antigens on the tumour cell and deliver isotope/toxin to it

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11
Q

How do indirect immunotherapies work?

A

Activate the immune system to render it able to seek a tumour cell

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12
Q

What are the main groups of direct immunotherapies?

A

Monoclonal antibodies

Chimeric antigen receptors

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13
Q

What are the main groups of indirect immunotherapies?

A

Checkpoint inhibitor therapies
Tumour vaccines
Dendritic cell vaccines
Cytokine therapies

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14
Q

What are the main Cytokine therapies and how do they work?

A

Pegylated IFN-a (melanoma)
IL-2
Activate anti-tumour immunity

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15
Q

What is the difference between monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies?

A

Polyclonal: Cheap, bind to multiple epitopes, many B cell clones
Monoclonal: Immortalised clones of Plasma cells which are screened and expanded (Hybridoma)

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16
Q

What is the indication for Rituximab?

A

Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma

Inhibits CD20 B cells

17
Q

What is the indication for Infliximab?

A

Autoimmune disease
(AS, Crohn’s, UC, RA)
Blocks function of TNFa

18
Q

What is the indication for Herceptin?

A

HER2+ve Breast cancer

binds to HER2 on cancer cells and marks them for destruction

19
Q

What is the indication for Skyrizi/risankizumab?

A

Plaque psoriasis

IL-23 inhibitors

20
Q

Outline Dendritic cell vaccines

A

Blood taken to culture In Vitro with cytokines that promote APC function
Transfuse after uptake of tumour antigen

21
Q

Outline Adoptive Cell transfer

A

Take tumour out and plate fragments
Culture and assay for tumour recognition
Select and expand cells, re-infuse

22
Q

Outline CAR T-cell therapy

A

T cells engineered to express antigen-targeting receptors specific for tumour antigens
(gives T-cells new specificity)

23
Q

What is CAR?

A

Chimeric antigen receptors

*Haematology + Immunology (22 decks)

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