Immunology 6 - Immunotherapy Flashcards
Acute rejection is associated with what?
T cell responses that mediate cell infiltration into the graft
Cyclosporine inhibits what?
Calcineurin
Rapamycin inhibits what?
Rapamycin
What are the types of immunity?
Innate
Active Adaptive
Passive Adaptive
What are the passive adaptive types of immunity?
Colostrum IgA
Placental IgG
What immunoglobulins are used for PEP?
Human Normal Immunoglobulin (Hep A, Measles, Polio, Rubella) Specific Immunoglobulins (Hep B, Rabies, Tetanus)
What is IV Ig?
Plasma derived polyclonal IgG for replacement therapy
Used in autoimmune diseases or immunodeficiencies
Give 3 indications for IV Ig?
Primary immunodeficiencies Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Kawasaki disease Multiple myeloma Guillain Barre
What are the different types of immunotherapy?
Direct (targeted)
Indirect
How do direct immunotherapies work?
Antibodies/fragments which detect antigens on the tumour cell and deliver isotope/toxin to it
How do indirect immunotherapies work?
Activate the immune system to render it able to seek a tumour cell
What are the main groups of direct immunotherapies?
Monoclonal antibodies
Chimeric antigen receptors
What are the main groups of indirect immunotherapies?
Checkpoint inhibitor therapies
Tumour vaccines
Dendritic cell vaccines
Cytokine therapies
What are the main Cytokine therapies and how do they work?
Pegylated IFN-a (melanoma)
IL-2
Activate anti-tumour immunity
What is the difference between monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies?
Polyclonal: Cheap, bind to multiple epitopes, many B cell clones
Monoclonal: Immortalised clones of Plasma cells which are screened and expanded (Hybridoma)
What is the indication for Rituximab?
Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma
Inhibits CD20 B cells
What is the indication for Infliximab?
Autoimmune disease
(AS, Crohn’s, UC, RA)
Blocks function of TNFa
What is the indication for Herceptin?
HER2+ve Breast cancer
binds to HER2 on cancer cells and marks them for destruction
What is the indication for Skyrizi/risankizumab?
Plaque psoriasis
IL-23 inhibitors
Outline Dendritic cell vaccines
Blood taken to culture In Vitro with cytokines that promote APC function
Transfuse after uptake of tumour antigen
Outline Adoptive Cell transfer
Take tumour out and plate fragments
Culture and assay for tumour recognition
Select and expand cells, re-infuse
Outline CAR T-cell therapy
T cells engineered to express antigen-targeting receptors specific for tumour antigens
(gives T-cells new specificity)
What is CAR?
Chimeric antigen receptors
