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*Haematology + Immunology > Haematological Malignancy > Flashcards

Haematological Malignancy Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphoid malignancies involve which cells?

A

B-cells

T-cells

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2
Q

Myeloid malignancies involve which cells?

A

Monocytes
Platelets
Granulocytes
RBC

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3
Q

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia involves which cells?

A

Uncontrolled proliferation of Myeloid progenitor cells

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4
Q

Myeloproliferative disorders involve which cells?

A

Monocytes
Platelets
Granulocytes
RBC

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5
Q

(Childhood) Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia involves which cells?

A

Lymphoid progenitor cells

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6
Q

Lymphomas involve which cells?

A

B, T, Plasma cells

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7
Q

Incidence of HL is highest in which groups?

A

Teens/young adults and over 70s

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8
Q

Why does Acute Myeloid Leukaemia lead to pancytopenia?

A

Loss of myeloid progenitor leads to loss of all myeloid cells

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9
Q

How does Leukaemia differ from Lymphoma?

A

Where is the COMMON presentation?
Lymphoma - lymphatics, tissues
Leukaemia - blood

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10
Q

How does Lymphoma typically present?

A

Elevated WBC count
(Often) Lymphadenopathy
Extranodal disease
Fever, sweats, weight loss, pruritis

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11
Q

How does Acute vs Chronic leukaemia differ/

A

Acute - cells do not differentiate, bone marrow failure, rapidly fatal, potentially curable
Chronic - differentiate, no bone marrow failure, survival for years

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12
Q

Where in the lymph node do Naive B cells become Memory/Plasma cells?

A

Germinal Centre of the lymph node

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13
Q

What is the likely cause of Localised, painful Lymphadenopathy?

A

Bacterial infection in draining site

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14
Q

What is the likely cause of Localised, painless Lymphadenopathy?

A

Rare infections, TB
Metastatic carcinoma (hard)
Lymphoma (rubbery)
No cause

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15
Q

What is the likely cause of generalised, painful Lymphadenopathy?

A

Viral infections
EBV
CMV
Hepatitis/HIV

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16
Q

What is the likely cause of generalised, painless Lymphadenopathy?

A 
Lymphoma
Leukaemia
Connective tissue diseases
No cause
Drugs
17
Q

How does Lymphoma spread differ from metastatic cancer?

A

Metastatic cancer typically spread to one cluster then haematogenously - hard/craggy
Lymphoma spreads down a chain - soft, rubbery

18
Q

What are the Acute leukaemias?

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)

Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML)

19
Q

What are the chronic leukaemias?

A

Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML)

Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL)

20
Q

What are the malignant lymphomas?

A

Hodgkins/non-hodgkins lymphoma

21
Q

What are the major groups of haematological malignancies?

A 
Acute Leukaemias
Chronic Leukaemias
Malignant lymphomas
Multiple myeloma
Myelodysplastic syndromes 
Chronic myeloproliferative diseases

*Haematology + Immunology (22 decks)

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