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*Haematology + Immunology > Blood Transfusion > Flashcards

Blood Transfusion Flashcards

1
Q

What are A and B genes?

A

Transferase enzymes

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2
Q

What is the A antigen?

A

(N-acetyl)-galactosamine

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3
Q

What is the B antigen?

A

Galactose

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4
Q

What is the O gene?

A

Non-functional allele

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5
Q

What are the genetics of A, B and O?

A

A and B are co-dominant

O is recessive

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6
Q

How do antibodies present in different blood types?

A

Group A - AntiB against B
Group B - AntiB against A
Group AB - NO antibodies
Group O - AntiB against A AND B

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7
Q

Anti-A/B antibodies are of what type?

A

IgM antibodies

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8
Q

Who can produce anti-RhD antibodies?

A

RhD negative patients exposed to RhD cells (transfusion)

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9
Q

What are the indications for red cell transfusion?

A

Severe acute anaemia
Improve QoL in patient with uncorrectable anaemia
Prep for surgery/recovery
Sickle-cell disease

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10
Q

How is RBC transfusion given?

A

Store at 4degrees C
2-4hr transfusion
1 unit increments

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11
Q

How are platelet transfusions given?

A

Store at 22deg C (7 day shelf life)

Transfuse over 20-30 mins

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12
Q

What are the indications for platelet transfusion?

A

Massive haemorrhage
Bone marrow failure
Surgery prophylaxis
Cardiopulmonary bypass

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13
Q

What are the indications for FFP (fresh frozen plasma)?

A

Massive haemorrhage
DIC with bleeding
Prophylactic

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14
Q

What lab tests are required for FFP?

A

Prothrombin

APTT

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15
Q

What lab tests are required for Cryoprecipitate?

A

Fibrinogen

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16
Q

How is blood transfusion assessed?

A

ABO and RhD type
Check historical records
Screen for allo-antibodies in serum

17
Q

The direct Coombs Test detects what?

A

Haemolytic anaemia
Passive anti-D
Haemolytic transfusion reactions

18
Q

The indirect Coombs Test detects what?

A

Cross matching

19
Q

Which blood factors are complicit in Haemolytic disease of the Newborn

A

RHESUS ++

c, K

20
Q

What antibodies are involved in Haemolytic disease of the Newborn?

A

IgG (from mother, cross placenta)

21
Q

How is Haemolytic disease of the Newborn prevented?

A

Sensitisation events

Routine checks at 28/40wks

22
Q

How is Haemolytic disease of the Newborn trreated?

A

Monitoring
Antibodies titres
Doppler ultrasound
Intrauterine transfusions

23
Q

What is the structure of IgM?

A

Polyvalent

24
Q

How are blood donors screened?

A

Behavioural screen (Sex, age, travel, tattoos)
ABO and Rh
Hep B/C/E, HIV, Syphilis

*Haematology + Immunology (22 decks)

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