Blood Transfusion Flashcards
What are A and B genes?
Transferase enzymes
What is the A antigen?
(N-acetyl)-galactosamine
What is the B antigen?
Galactose
What is the O gene?
Non-functional allele
What are the genetics of A, B and O?
A and B are co-dominant
O is recessive
How do antibodies present in different blood types?
Group A - AntiB against B
Group B - AntiB against A
Group AB - NO antibodies
Group O - AntiB against A AND B
Anti-A/B antibodies are of what type?
IgM antibodies
Who can produce anti-RhD antibodies?
RhD negative patients exposed to RhD cells (transfusion)
What are the indications for red cell transfusion?
Severe acute anaemia
Improve QoL in patient with uncorrectable anaemia
Prep for surgery/recovery
Sickle-cell disease
How is RBC transfusion given?
Store at 4degrees C
2-4hr transfusion
1 unit increments
How are platelet transfusions given?
Store at 22deg C (7 day shelf life)
Transfuse over 20-30 mins
What are the indications for platelet transfusion?
Massive haemorrhage
Bone marrow failure
Surgery prophylaxis
Cardiopulmonary bypass
What are the indications for FFP (fresh frozen plasma)?
Massive haemorrhage
DIC with bleeding
Prophylactic
What lab tests are required for FFP?
Prothrombin
APTT
What lab tests are required for Cryoprecipitate?
Fibrinogen
How is blood transfusion assessed?
ABO and RhD type
Check historical records
Screen for allo-antibodies in serum
The direct Coombs Test detects what?
Haemolytic anaemia
Passive anti-D
Haemolytic transfusion reactions
The indirect Coombs Test detects what?
Cross matching
Which blood factors are complicit in Haemolytic disease of the Newborn
RHESUS ++
c, K
What antibodies are involved in Haemolytic disease of the Newborn?
IgG (from mother, cross placenta)
How is Haemolytic disease of the Newborn prevented?
Sensitisation events
Routine checks at 28/40wks
How is Haemolytic disease of the Newborn trreated?
Monitoring
Antibodies titres
Doppler ultrasound
Intrauterine transfusions
What is the structure of IgM?
Polyvalent
How are blood donors screened?
Behavioural screen (Sex, age, travel, tattoos)
ABO and Rh
Hep B/C/E, HIV, Syphilis
