Immunology

Question 1

Which immune cells are the first responders to infections?

Answer 1

Neutrophils

Question 2

What is the role of antibodies?

Answer 2

Recognize and neutralize pathogens

Question 3

Which type of immunity is present at birth?

Answer 3

Innate immunity

Question 4

Which cell directly kills virus-infected cells?

Answer 4

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 5

Which type of antibody is most abundant in the blood?

Answer 5

IgG

Question 6

Which organ produces T cells?

Answer 6

Thymus

Question 7

What are pathogens?

Answer 7

Harmful microorganisms

Question 8

What is the function of the spleen in the immune system?

Answer 8

Filter blood and remove pathogens

Question 9

What is inflammation?

Answer 9

The body’s reaction to injury or infection

Question 10

What type of immunity is transferred from mother to baby through breast milk?

Answer 10

Passive immunity

Question 11

Which immune cells present antigens to T cells?

Answer 11

Dendritic cells

Question 12

What do T-helper cells do?

Answer 12

Activate other immune cells

Question 13

What is the role of natural killer (NK) cells?

Answer 13

Destroy infected or cancerous cells

Question 14

Which immune system protein helps “tag” pathogens for destruction?

Answer 14

Complement proteins

Question 15

What is a vaccine designed to do?

Answer 15

Train the immune system to recognize a pathogen

Question 16

Which of the following is a white blood cell?

Answer 16

Lymphocyte

Question 17

What is the main function of the lymph nodes?

Answer 17

Filter lymph and detect pathogens

Question 18

What is an antigen?

Answer 18

A substance that triggers an immune response

Question 19

Which type of cell is primarily involved in allergic reactions?

Answer 19

Basophils

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT part of the immune system?

Answer 20

Liver

Question 21

Which immune response develops over time and remembers past infections?

Answer 21

Adaptive immunity

Question 22

Which cells produce cytokines?

Answer 22

T cells

Question 23

What is the purpose of the complement system?

Answer 23

Help destroy pathogens

Question 24

Which immunoglobulin is found in tears and saliva?

Answer 24

IgA

Question 25

What is the role of histamine in the immune response?

Answer 25

Dilate blood vessels and promote inflammation

Question 26

Which immune cells are responsible for antibody production?

Answer 26

B cells

Question 27

What type of immunity is provided by a vaccine?

Answer 27

Active artificial

Question 28

What is the main function of macrophages?

Answer 28

Phagocytosis

Question 29

Which antibody is the first to respond during an infection?

Answer 29

IgM

Question 30

The region of an antigen that binds to an antibody is called:

Answer 30

Epitope

Question 31

Which organ is responsible for filtering blood and removing old red blood cells?

Answer 31

Spleen

Question 32

What is the term for the process of engulfing and digesting pathogens?

Answer 32

Phagocytosis

Question 33

What is the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)?

Answer 33

Recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)

Question 34

Cytotoxic T cells destroy infected cells by releasing:

Answer 34

Perforin and granzymes

Question 35

What is the role of regulatory T cells (Tregs)?

Answer 35

Suppress excessive immune responses

Question 36

Which of the following cytokines induces fever?

Answer 36

IL-6

Question 37

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves IgE?

Answer 37

Type I

Question 38

What is the purpose of opsonization?

Answer 38

Mark pathogens for phagocytosis

Question 39

Antigens presented by MHC Class I molecules are recognized by:

Answer 39

Cytotoxic T cells

Question 40

Which antibody can cross the placenta?

Answer 40

IgG

Question 41

What is the role of IL-2?

Answer 41

Promote T cell proliferation

Question 42

Which cells are involved in allergic reactions?

Answer 42

Basophils and eosinophils

Question 43

What is somatic hypermutation?

Answer 43

Mutation of antibody genes to increase affinity for an antigen

Question 44

The complement system is part of which immune system?

Answer 44

Innate immunity

Question 45

What is clonal selection?

Answer 45

The activation and proliferation of lymphocytes that recognize a specific antigen

Question 46

What are the primary lymphoid organs?

Answer 46

Bone marrow and thymus

Question 47

Which cytokine activates macrophages?

Answer 47

IFN-gamma

Question 48

What is the term for the overreaction of the immune system to harmless substances?

Answer 48

Allergy

Question 49

Which process ensures that T cells do not react to self-antigens?

Answer 49

Negative selection