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USMLE > Immunology > Flashcards

Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Biomarkers for T-cells

Helper T

Cytotoxic T

A

T-Cells: TCR (bind MHC), CD3, CD28 (bind B7 on APC)

Helper T: CD4, CD40L

Cytotoxic: CD8

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2
Q

Biomarkers for B-cells

A

Ig, CD19, CD20, CD21 (receptor for EBV), CD40, MHCII, B7

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3
Q

Biomarkers for Macrophages

A

MHC II, B7, CD40, CD14 (endotoxin receptor), (receptors for Fc and C3b - Opsons)

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4
Q

BIomarkers for NK Cells

A

MHC1, CD16 (binds Fc of IgG), CD56

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5
Q

Acute phase reactants

A

IL-1, IL-6, TNF-a

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6
Q

IL-1

A

Causes fever, acute inflammation

Activates endothelium to express adhesion molecules

Induce chemokines to recruit leukocytes

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7
Q

IL-6

A

Fever

Secreted by Th and Macropages

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8
Q

IL-8

A

Chemotactic for netrophils (along with C5a and Leukotriene B4)

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9
Q

IL-12

A

Differentiate Th1

Activates NK cells. Secreted by B-cells

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10
Q

TNF-a

A

Septic shock, leukocyte recruitment, vascular leak

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11
Q

IL-3

A

Stimulate bone marrow stem cell growth

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12
Q

IL-2

A

Stimulate growth of helper/cytotoxic T-cells

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13
Q

IFN-g

A

Activate macrophage/Th1. Suppress Th2. Antiviral/antitumor properties

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14
Q

IL-4

A

Differentiation of Th2. Class switch of IgE and IgG

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15
Q

IL-5

A

Differentiate B-cells. Class switch to IgA. Simulate eosinophils.

(Mucous interleukin)

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16
Q

IL-10

A

Inhibit activated Th1. Activate Th2. Secreted by regulatory T-cells.

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17
Q

Antinuclear Antibody

A

SLE, Sjogren’s, RA, etc… (nonspecific)

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18
Q

Anti-dsDNA

A

SLE (Renal disease)

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19
Q

Anti-Smith

A

SLE

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20
Q

Anti-histone

A

Drug-induced SLE

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21
Q

Anti-IgG

A

IgM vs IgG (Rheumatoid Arthritis)

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22
Q

Anti-centromere

A

Scleroderma (CREST)

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23
Q

Anti-Scl70 (anti-DNA topoisomerase I)

A

Scleroderma (diffuse)

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24
Q

Anti-mitochondrial

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

25
Antigliadin, antiendomysial
Celiac's
26
Anti-basement membrane
Good pasteur's
27
Anti-demoglein
Pemphigus vulgaris
28
Antimicrosomal, antithyroidglobulin
Hashimoto's
29
Anti-Jo-1
Polymyositis, dermatomyositis
30
Anti-SSA (anti-Ro)
Vs. ribonucleoprotein Sjogren's, SLE
31
Anti-SSB (anti-La)
Vs. ribonucleoprotein Sjogren's, SLE
32
Anti-U1 RNP (ribonucleoprotein)
Mixed connective tissue disease
33
Anti-smooth muscle
Autoimmune hepatitis
34
Anti-glutamate (glutamic acid) decarboxylase
Type 1 DM
35
c-ANCA
Wegner's granulomatosis
36
p-ANCA
microscopic polyangitis Chrugg-Strauss
37
Anti-TSH
Graves
38
Anti-ACh Receptor
Myanesthenia Gravis
39
Complements C1, C2, C3, C4
Viral neutralization
40
C3b
Bacterial opsonization
41
C3a, C5a
Anaphylaxis C5a (Neutrophil chemotaxis)
42
Deficency of C1 esterase inhibitor
Hereditary angioedema (Increase bradykinin) -\> perioribital edema and mucosal surfaces
43
Deficiency in c3
Reucrrent pygoenic sinus and respiratory tract infection (strep pneumo, H. influenza) Increase susceptibility to type 3 hypersensitivity (glomerulonephritis)
44
Deficiency in C5-8
Recurrent Nisseria infection
45
Deficiency of decay acclerated factor (DAF) - CD55/59
Complement mediated lysis of RBC + paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
46
Bruton's/X-linked agammaglobulinemia
X-linked recessive (Defective BKT - Bruton tyrosine kinase) Defective B-cell differentation - Low Ig (all) Recurrent infections after 6 months Avoid live vaccines
47
Hyper IgM
Defective CD40L on T-cells (Inability to class switch) Increased IgM, decreased others Severe pyogenic infections early
48
Selective Ig deficiency
Defective isotype switch -\> def in specific Ig class IgA def most common Sinus/lung infections, milk allergies and diarrhea. Anaphylaxis with exposure to blood products with IgA
49
Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)
Defective B-cell maturation (many causes) Normal number of B-cells, decreased plasma cells/**Ig** -\> bacterial, enterovirus (no IgA), giardia infections Can be acquired; **increased risk of autoimmune dz, lymphoma**, sinopulmonary infection
50
DiGeorge
22q11, failure of 3rd and 4th pouch Decrease T, decrease PTH and Ca2+, absent thymic shadow Tetany, recurrent viral/fungal infection, congenital heart/great vessel defects
51
IL-12 deficiency
Decrease Th1 response Decrease IFN-g Disseminated mycobacterial infection
52
HyperIgE (job's syndrome)
Th cells fail to produce **IFN-g** - inability of neutrophils to respond to chemotactic stimuli FATED: coarse Facies, cold staph Abscess, primary Teeth, IgE, Dematologic problems (unusal eczema)
53
Chronic mucocutaneous candidasis
T-cell dysfunction Candida albicans infection of skin and mucous membranes
54
Severe combined immunodeficiency
Several types: 1. Defective IL-2 receptor most common, 2. adenosine deaminase deficiency, 3. failure to synthesize MHC II (required to activate CD4 to activate CD8 and B-cells) Decrease IL-2R = decrease T-cell activation Increased adenosine = toxic to B/Tcells (decrease dNTP) Recurrent viral, bacterial, fungal and protozoal infections due to B- and T-cell deficiency Tx: bone marrow transplant
55
Ataxia-telangiectasia
Defect in **DNA repair** IgA deficiency Triad: Cerebellar defects (ataxia), spider angiomas (telangiectasia), IgA deficiency
56
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
X-linked recessive defect. Progressive deletion of B- and T-cells Increased IgE, IgA; Decreased IgM Triad (TIE): Thrombocytopenic purpura, Infections, Eczema
57
Leukocyte adhesion deficiency (type 1)
Defective LFA-1 integrin (CD18) on phagocytes Neutrophilia Recurrent bacterial infection, absent pus, delayed separation of umbilicus
58
Chediak-Higashi syndrome
Auto. recessive; **defect in microtubular function** -\> **decrease phagocytosis** Reucrrent pyogenic infections by staph/strep; partial albinism, peripheral neuopathy
59
Chronic Granulomatous disease
Lack NADPH oxidase Negative nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction test Increase catalase-positive infections (Psuedomonas, Listeria, Aspergillus, candida, e.coli, s aureus, serratia) "**PLACESS** for your **cat**s"

USMLE (8 decks)

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