Cardiovascular Flashcards
Evolution of MI
0-4 hrs
4-24 hrs
2-4 days
4-10 days
10+ days
0-4 hours: No change on light microscopy
12-24 hrs: Contraction bands. Coagulative necrosis. Neutrophil migration
2-4 days: risk for arrythmias. Extensive coagulative necorsis. Hyperemia
5-10 days: Risk for free wall rupture, tamponade, papillary necrosis, interventricular septal rupture. Granulation tissue.
10+ days: Risk for ventricular aneurysm. Dressler syndrome
Wegener’s granulomatosis triad
Necrotizing fasculitis
Necrotizing granuloma in lung and upper airway
Necrotizing glomerulonephritis
Hemoptysis, hematuria, perforation of nasal septum, chronic sinusitis, otitis media, cough, dyspnea
Wegeners granulomatosis
Marker of Wegener’s
C-ANCA
Symptoms related to microscopic polyangiitis
Associated marker?
Like wegener’s, lack granulomas
P-ANCA
Vasculitis in young patient with asthma. Also with eosinophilia
Churg Struass
Also may have peripheral neuropathy (wrist/foot drop), P-ANCA assocation
Port-wein stain on opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve. Affects capillary blood vessels
Sturge-Weber
Signs of Henoch-Schonlein purpura
- Childhood vasculitis with palpable purpura on buttoks and legs.
- arthalgia
- Abdominal pain
- Recent URI
Raynaud’s, intermittent claudication, gangrene/autoamputation of digits in heavy smoker
Buerger’s disease
Symptoms of Kawaksaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome)
Asian children
lip/oral mucosa changes (strawberry tongue), lymphadenitis, desqumative skin rash, coronary aneursym
Tx of Kawaksaki disease
IV immunoglobinulin, aspirin
Polyarteritis nodosa symptoms and association
abdominal pain, melena, headache, (renal and visceral vessel involvement), not pulmonary
Associated with hepatitis B
Weak pulses in upper extremities, increased ESR, fever, arthritis, night sweats, myalgia, skin nodules
Takayasu’s arteritis
Asian females <40
Unilateral headache, jaw claudication
Temporal arteritis
Also with hypopigmentation of skin, impaired vision, increased ESR, polymyalgia rhematica
Tx: high dose steroids
Benign raised red lsion about size of mole in older patients
Cherry hemangioma
Description of strawberry hemangioma
Benign capillary hemangioma of infancy. Initially grows. Regress by age 2-6
What is pyogenic granuloma
Polypoid capillary hemangioma that ulcerate and bleed
Associated with truama and pregnancy
What is cystic hygroma? Association?
Cavernous lymphangioma of neck
Turner’s syndrome
Where are glomus tumors found?
Benign, painful, red-blue tumor under fingernails. Arise from modified smooth muscle cell of glomus body
Bacillary angiomatosis - Found in what patients? Caused by what organism?
AIDS patients. Caused by Bartonella henselae (cat scratch disease) Frequently mistaken for Kaposi sarcoma
Risk factors for angiosarcoma
Vinyl chloride, arsenic, ThO2 (thorotrast)
Highly lethal malignancy of liver
Lymphaniosarcoma
Lymphatic malignacy associated with persistent lymphedema (post-radical mastectomy)
Associations of Kaposi sarcoma?
What is is often mistaken with?
HIV and HHV-8
Bacillary angiomatosis
