Cardiovascular

Question 1

Evolution of MI
0-4 hrs
4-24 hrs
2-4 days
4-10 days
10+ days

Answer 1

0-4 hours: No change on light microscopy

12-24 hrs: Contraction bands. Coagulative necrosis. Neutrophil migration

2-4 days: risk for arrythmias. Extensive coagulative necorsis. Hyperemia

5-10 days: Risk for free wall rupture, tamponade, papillary necrosis, interventricular septal rupture. Granulation tissue.

10+ days: Risk for ventricular aneurysm. Dressler syndrome

Question 2

Wegener’s granulomatosis triad

Answer 2

Necrotizing fasculitis
Necrotizing granuloma in lung and upper airway
Necrotizing glomerulonephritis

Question 3

Hemoptysis, hematuria, perforation of nasal septum, chronic sinusitis, otitis media, cough, dyspnea

Answer 3

Wegeners granulomatosis

Question 4

Marker of Wegener’s

Answer 4

C-ANCA

Question 5

Symptoms related to microscopic polyangiitis

Associated marker?

Answer 5

Like wegener’s, lack granulomas
P-ANCA

Question 6

Vasculitis in young patient with asthma. Also with eosinophilia

Answer 6

Churg Struass

Also may have peripheral neuropathy (wrist/foot drop), P-ANCA assocation

Question 7

Port-wein stain on opthalmic division of trigeminal nerve. Affects capillary blood vessels

Answer 7

Sturge-Weber

Question 8

Signs of Henoch-Schonlein purpura

Answer 8

1. Childhood vasculitis with palpable purpura on buttoks and legs.
2. arthalgia
3. Abdominal pain
4. Recent URI

Question 9

Raynaud’s, intermittent claudication, gangrene/autoamputation of digits in heavy smoker

Answer 9

Buerger’s disease

Question 10

Symptoms of Kawaksaki disease (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome)

Answer 10

Asian children

lip/oral mucosa changes (strawberry tongue), lymphadenitis, desqumative skin rash, coronary aneursym

Question 11

Tx of Kawaksaki disease

Answer 11

IV immunoglobinulin, aspirin

Question 12

Polyarteritis nodosa symptoms and association

Answer 12

abdominal pain, melena, headache, (renal and visceral vessel involvement), not pulmonary

Associated with hepatitis B

Question 13

Weak pulses in upper extremities, increased ESR, fever, arthritis, night sweats, myalgia, skin nodules

Answer 13

Takayasu’s arteritis

Asian females <40

Question 14

Unilateral headache, jaw claudication

Answer 14

Temporal arteritis

Also with hypopigmentation of skin, impaired vision, increased ESR, polymyalgia rhematica

Tx: high dose steroids

Question 15

Benign raised red lsion about size of mole in older patients

Answer 15

Cherry hemangioma

Question 16

Description of strawberry hemangioma

Answer 16

Benign capillary hemangioma of infancy. Initially grows. Regress by age 2-6

Question 17

What is pyogenic granuloma

Answer 17

Polypoid capillary hemangioma that ulcerate and bleed

Associated with truama and pregnancy

Question 18

What is cystic hygroma? Association?

Answer 18

Cavernous lymphangioma of neck

Turner’s syndrome

Question 19

Where are glomus tumors found?

Answer 19

Benign, painful, red-blue tumor under fingernails. Arise from modified smooth muscle cell of glomus body

Question 20

Bacillary angiomatosis - Found in what patients? Caused by what organism?

Answer 20

AIDS patients. Caused by Bartonella henselae (cat scratch disease) Frequently mistaken for Kaposi sarcoma

Question 21

Risk factors for angiosarcoma

Answer 21

Vinyl chloride, arsenic, ThO2 (thorotrast)

Highly lethal malignancy of liver

Question 22

Lymphaniosarcoma

Answer 22

Lymphatic malignacy associated with persistent lymphedema (post-radical mastectomy)

Question 23

Associations of Kaposi sarcoma?

What is is often mistaken with?

Answer 23

HIV and HHV-8

Bacillary angiomatosis