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USMLE > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Bethanchol

A

Cholinomimetic (muscarinic ACh) Use: post-op and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention

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2
Q

Carbachol

A

Cholinomimetic (muscarinic ACh) Use: Glaucoma

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3
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Cholinomimetic (muscarinic ACh) Use: Glacuoma

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4
Q

Neostigmine

A

Indirect agonist (anti-cholinesterase) Use: Post-op and neurogenic ileus, urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reverse neuromusclar junction blockade

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5
Q

Methacholine

A

Cholinomimetic (muscarinic ACh) Use: Challenge for asthma (cause bronchoconstriction)

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6
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

Indirect agonist (anti-cholinesterase) Use: Myasthenia gravis

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7
Q

Edrophonium

A

Indirect agonist (anti-cholinesterase) Use: Dx of myasthenia gravis

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8
Q

Physostigmine

A

Indirect agonist (anti-cholinesterase) Use: Glaucoma and fixes atropine OD

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9
Q

Echothiophate

A

Indirect agonist (anti-cholinesterase) Use: Glaucoma

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10
Q

Pralidoxime

A

Reverses cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning (organophosphates - parathion for farmers) Usually with atropine

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11
Q

Atropine/Homatropine/Topicamide

A

Muscarinic antagonists Use: Mydriasis/cycloplegia, decrease airway secretion (intubation)

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12
Q

Benztropine

A

Muscarinic antagonists Use: Parkinson’s (park my benz)

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13
Q

Scopolomine

A

Muscarinic antagonists Use: Motion sickness

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14
Q

Ipratropium

A

Muscarinic antagonists Use: Asthma, COPD

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15
Q

Oxybutynin/glycopyrrolate

A

Muscarinic antagonists Use: Reduce urgency (red. bladder spasms), decrease airway secretion (intubation)

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16
Q

Methscopolamine/propantheline

A

Muscarinic antagonists Use: Peptic ulcer treatment (decrease gut motility, decrease salivation)

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17
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Side effect:

Decrease SLUD

Increase body temp (due to decrease sweating)

Disorientation/dilerium/ bradycardia

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18
Q

Hexamethonium

A

Nicotinic antagonist

Use: Ganglionic blocker (experimental) - Prevent vagal reflex to changes in BP (prevent reflex bradycardia)

Toxicity: Severe orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, constipation, sexual dysfunction

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19
Q

Epinehrpine

A

a1, a2, b1, b2 agonist (low dose - b1 agonist) agonist

Use: Anaphylaxis, galucoma, hypotension (2nd line)

20
Q

Norepinehprine

A

a1, a2 > b1 (vasoconstriction, low stim. of heart) agonist

Use: Septic shock (decrease renal perfusion)

21
Q

Isoproterenol

A

B1, B2 agonist

Use: AV block

22
Q

Dopamine

A

D1, D2 agonist

Use: Shock (increase renal perfusion - does not work clinically)

23
Q

Dobutamine

A

B1 > B2 agonist

Use: Heart failure, cardiogenic shock

24
Q

Metaproterenol, albuterol, levobuterol, salmeterol, terbutaline

A

B2 > B1 agonist

Use: Metaproterenol/albuterol - actue asthma

Slameterol - long term treatment

Terbutaline - reduce premature uterine contractions

25
Ritodrine
B2 agonist Use: reduce premature uterine contraction
26
Amphatetamine
Indirect general sympathetic agonist (release stored catecholamine) Use: Narcolepsy, ADHD
27
Ephedrine
Indirect general sympathetic agonist (release stored catecholamine) Use: Nasal congestion, urinary incontinence
28
Cocaine
Indirect general sympathetic agonist (reuptake inhibitor) Use: Vasoconstriction (decrease nose bleeds)
29
Clonidine
A2-agonist (decrease NE release - feedback activation of a2) Use: Emergency HTN, especially with reanl disease Side effect: Rebound HTN
30
Phenoxybenzamine (irreversible) Phentolamine (reversible)
Non-selective a-blocker Pheochromocytoma Side effect: orthostatic HTN, reflex tachycardia
31
Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin
Selective a1-blocker Use: HTN + BPH Side effect: 1st dose orthostatic HTN (start dose at night before bed), dizziness, headache
32
Mirtazapine
Selective a2 blocker Use: depression Side effect: sedation, Increase cholesterol, increase appetite (use side effect as advantage)
33
Phenylephrine
a1 \> a2 Use: pupilary dilation, vasoconstriction (nose bleed), nasal decongestion
34
Penicillin
MOA: Bind PBP - block transpepdiase crosslink; activate autolytic enzymes Use: G- organisms (Strep, actinomyces), syphillis. G+ rods, G- cocci (nisseria) Toxicity: Hypersensitivity reactions, hemolytic anema
35
Methacillin/naficillin/dicloxacillin
Use: S. aureus (except MRSA) - penicillinase resistant Toxicity: Hypersensitivity, interstitial nephritis
36
Ampicillin, amoxicillin
AmOxicillin - greater Oral bioavailability than ampicillin Use: Extended spectrium (some G- and G+): "HELPS kill enterococci" - Hemophilis Influenzae, E.Coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, enterococci Toxicity: Hypersensitivity, ampicillin rash (w/ mono strep throat), psudomemebrane colitis
37
Ticarcillin, carbencillin, pipercillin
Use: Extended spectrum + psuedomonas and g(-) rods; suseptible to penicillinase (use with clav) Toxicity: hypersensitivity
38
Cefazolin/cephalexin
1st gen cephalosporin: Inhibit cell wall synthesis, bactericidal Use: G+ cocci, Proteus, E. Coli, Klebsiella ("PEcK") Toxicity: Vit K deficiency, hypersensitivity with penicillins, Increased nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides, disulfram-like rxns
39
Cefoxitin/cefaclor/cefuroxime
Use: G+ cocci, H. Influenze, Enterobacter, nisseria, Proteus, E. Coli, Klebsiella, Serratia (HEN PEcKS" Toxicity: Vit K deficiency, hypersensitivity with penicillins, Increased nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides, disulfram-like rxns
40
Ceftriaxone/Cefotaxime/ceftazidime
Use: Serious G(-) infections Ceftriaxone: Meningitis, gonorrhea, S. pneumoniae Ceftazidime - Psuedomonas Toxicity: Vit K deficiency, hypersensitivity with penicillins, Increased nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides, disulfram-like rxns
41
Cefepime
Use: Increased activity against psuedmonas and G(+) Toxicity: Vit K deficiency, hypersensitivity with penicillins, Increased nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides, disulfram-like rxns
42
Azetronam
Monobactam resistant to B-lactamase. Inhibit cell wall synthesis (PBP3), synergistic with aminoglycosides Use: G- only. Alt for penicillin allergy and renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycoside
43
Impipenem/cilastatin, meropenem
Broad-spectrum (imipenem used with cilastatin - inhibits renal dihydropeptiase I to decrease inactivation of drug)
44
Vancomycin
Inhibit cell wall mucopeptide by binding to D-ala D-ala precursor Use: MRSA, MRSE, C. Diff (oral) Toxicity: Nephrotox, Ototox, Thrombophelbitis (NOT), "red man syndrome" - histamine release (use anti-histamine/slow infusion) Resistance: D-ala D-ala to D-ala D-lac
45
Gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin
Aminoglycosides: Bactericidal - inhibit formation of intiation complex (30S) and cause misreading of mRNA. Require O2 (ineffective against anerobes) Use: G(-) rod, synergistics with B-lactam abx. Toxicity: Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Teratogen (NOT) Resistance: Acetylation, phsophroylation, adenylation

USMLE (8 decks)

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