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USMLE > Drugs > Flashcards

Drugs Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Bethanchol

A

Cholinomimetic (muscarinic ACh) Use: post-op and neurogenic ileus and urinary retention

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2
Q

Carbachol

A

Cholinomimetic (muscarinic ACh) Use: Glaucoma

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3
Q

Pilocarpine

A

Cholinomimetic (muscarinic ACh) Use: Glacuoma

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4
Q

Neostigmine

A

Indirect agonist (anti-cholinesterase) Use: Post-op and neurogenic ileus, urinary retention, myasthenia gravis, reverse neuromusclar junction blockade

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5
Q

Methacholine

A

Cholinomimetic (muscarinic ACh) Use: Challenge for asthma (cause bronchoconstriction)

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6
Q

Pyridostigmine

A

Indirect agonist (anti-cholinesterase) Use: Myasthenia gravis

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7
Q

Edrophonium

A

Indirect agonist (anti-cholinesterase) Use: Dx of myasthenia gravis

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8
Q

Physostigmine

A

Indirect agonist (anti-cholinesterase) Use: Glaucoma and fixes atropine OD

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9
Q

Echothiophate

A

Indirect agonist (anti-cholinesterase) Use: Glaucoma

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10
Q

Pralidoxime

A

Reverses cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning (organophosphates - parathion for farmers) Usually with atropine

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11
Q

Atropine/Homatropine/Topicamide

A

Muscarinic antagonists Use: Mydriasis/cycloplegia, decrease airway secretion (intubation)

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12
Q

Benztropine

A

Muscarinic antagonists Use: Parkinson’s (park my benz)

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13
Q

Scopolomine

A

Muscarinic antagonists Use: Motion sickness

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14
Q

Ipratropium

A

Muscarinic antagonists Use: Asthma, COPD

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15
Q

Oxybutynin/glycopyrrolate

A

Muscarinic antagonists Use: Reduce urgency (red. bladder spasms), decrease airway secretion (intubation)

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16
Q

Methscopolamine/propantheline

A

Muscarinic antagonists Use: Peptic ulcer treatment (decrease gut motility, decrease salivation)

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17
Q

Atropine

A

Muscarinic antagonist

Side effect:

Decrease SLUD

Increase body temp (due to decrease sweating)

Disorientation/dilerium/ bradycardia

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18
Q

Hexamethonium

A

Nicotinic antagonist

Use: Ganglionic blocker (experimental) - Prevent vagal reflex to changes in BP (prevent reflex bradycardia)

Toxicity: Severe orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, constipation, sexual dysfunction

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19
Q

Epinehrpine

A

a1, a2, b1, b2 agonist (low dose - b1 agonist) agonist

Use: Anaphylaxis, galucoma, hypotension (2nd line)

20
Q

Norepinehprine

A

a1, a2 > b1 (vasoconstriction, low stim. of heart) agonist

Use: Septic shock (decrease renal perfusion)

21
Q

Isoproterenol

A

B1, B2 agonist

Use: AV block

22
Q

Dopamine

A

D1, D2 agonist

Use: Shock (increase renal perfusion - does not work clinically)

23
Q

Dobutamine

A

B1 > B2 agonist

Use: Heart failure, cardiogenic shock

24
Q

Metaproterenol, albuterol, levobuterol, salmeterol, terbutaline

A

B2 > B1 agonist

Use: Metaproterenol/albuterol - actue asthma

Slameterol - long term treatment

Terbutaline - reduce premature uterine contractions

25
Q

Ritodrine

A

B2 agonist

Use: reduce premature uterine contraction

26
Q

Amphatetamine

A

Indirect general sympathetic agonist (release stored catecholamine)

Use: Narcolepsy, ADHD

27
Q

Ephedrine

A

Indirect general sympathetic agonist (release stored catecholamine)

Use: Nasal congestion, urinary incontinence

28
Q

Cocaine

A

Indirect general sympathetic agonist (reuptake inhibitor)

Use: Vasoconstriction (decrease nose bleeds)

29
Q

Clonidine

A

A2-agonist (decrease NE release - feedback activation of a2)

Use: Emergency HTN, especially with reanl disease

Side effect: Rebound HTN

30
Q

Phenoxybenzamine (irreversible)

Phentolamine (reversible)

A

Non-selective a-blocker

Pheochromocytoma

Side effect: orthostatic HTN, reflex tachycardia

31
Q

Prazosin, terazosin, doxazosin

A

Selective a1-blocker

Use: HTN + BPH

Side effect: 1st dose orthostatic HTN (start dose at night before bed), dizziness, headache

32
Q

Mirtazapine

A

Selective a2 blocker

Use: depression

Side effect: sedation, Increase cholesterol, increase appetite

(use side effect as advantage)

33
Q

Phenylephrine

A

a1 > a2

Use: pupilary dilation, vasoconstriction (nose bleed), nasal decongestion

34
Q

Penicillin

A

MOA: Bind PBP - block transpepdiase crosslink; activate autolytic enzymes

Use: G- organisms (Strep, actinomyces), syphillis. G+ rods, G- cocci (nisseria)

Toxicity: Hypersensitivity reactions, hemolytic anema

35
Q

Methacillin/naficillin/dicloxacillin

A

Use: S. aureus (except MRSA) - penicillinase resistant

Toxicity: Hypersensitivity, interstitial nephritis

36
Q

Ampicillin, amoxicillin

A

AmOxicillin - greater Oral bioavailability than ampicillin

Use: Extended spectrium (some G- and G+): “HELPS kill enterococci” - Hemophilis Influenzae, E.Coli, Listeria, Proteus, Salmonella, enterococci

Toxicity: Hypersensitivity, ampicillin rash (w/ mono strep throat), psudomemebrane colitis

37
Q

Ticarcillin, carbencillin, pipercillin

A

Use: Extended spectrum + psuedomonas and g(-) rods; suseptible to penicillinase (use with clav)

Toxicity: hypersensitivity

38
Q

Cefazolin/cephalexin

A

1st gen cephalosporin: Inhibit cell wall synthesis, bactericidal

Use: G+ cocci, Proteus, E. Coli, Klebsiella (“PEcK”)

Toxicity: Vit K deficiency, hypersensitivity with penicillins, Increased nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides, disulfram-like rxns

39
Q

Cefoxitin/cefaclor/cefuroxime

A

Use: G+ cocci, H. Influenze, Enterobacter, nisseria, Proteus, E. Coli, Klebsiella, Serratia (HEN PEcKS”

Toxicity: Vit K deficiency, hypersensitivity with penicillins, Increased nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides, disulfram-like rxns

40
Q

Ceftriaxone/Cefotaxime/ceftazidime

A

Use: Serious G(-) infections

Ceftriaxone: Meningitis, gonorrhea, S. pneumoniae

Ceftazidime - Psuedomonas

Toxicity: Vit K deficiency, hypersensitivity with penicillins, Increased nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides, disulfram-like rxns

41
Q

Cefepime

A

Use: Increased activity against psuedmonas and G(+)

Toxicity: Vit K deficiency, hypersensitivity with penicillins, Increased nephrotoxicity with aminoglycosides, disulfram-like rxns

42
Q

Azetronam

A

Monobactam resistant to B-lactamase. Inhibit cell wall synthesis (PBP3), synergistic with aminoglycosides

Use: G- only. Alt for penicillin allergy and renal insufficiency who cannot tolerate aminoglycoside

43
Q

Impipenem/cilastatin, meropenem

A

Broad-spectrum (imipenem used with cilastatin - inhibits renal dihydropeptiase I to decrease inactivation of drug)

44
Q

Vancomycin

A

Inhibit cell wall mucopeptide by binding to D-ala D-ala precursor

Use: MRSA, MRSE, C. Diff (oral)

Toxicity: Nephrotox, Ototox, Thrombophelbitis (NOT), “red man syndrome” - histamine release (use anti-histamine/slow infusion)

Resistance: D-ala D-ala to D-ala D-lac

45
Q

Gentamicin, neomycin, amikacin, tobramycin, streptomycin

A

Aminoglycosides: Bactericidal - inhibit formation of intiation complex (30S) and cause misreading of mRNA. Require O2 (ineffective against anerobes)

Use: G(-) rod, synergistics with B-lactam abx.

Toxicity: Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity, Teratogen (NOT)

Resistance: Acetylation, phsophroylation, adenylation

USMLE (8 decks)

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