Immunoglobulins Flashcards

1
Q

What are immunoglobulins?

A

Antibodies

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2
Q

Where would you find immunoglobulins?

A

Plasma, tissues, secretions and lymphatics

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3
Q

What immune system produces immunoglobulins?

A

Humoral

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4
Q

What cells secrete immunoglobulins?

A

activated B cells - plasma cells

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5
Q

What are the 5 classes of immunoglobulins?

A

IgG, IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE

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6
Q

What 2 regions do you find on the light and heavy chains?

A

variable and constant

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7
Q

What part recognises foreign material?

A

Fragment antigen binding (FAB) arms

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8
Q

What type of molecules interact with Fc?

A

effector molecules

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9
Q

What do light chains fold up in to?

A

VL (variable light)
CL (constant light)

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10
Q

What chain determines the class of the antibody?

A

heavy chain

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11
Q

How many globular domains does the heavy chain fold into?

A

4 or 5

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12
Q

What are the heavy chain globular domains?

A

VH
CH1
CH2
CH3
CH4

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13
Q

What causes each antibody to have its own unique binding site?

A

Hypervariable loops (CDR)

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14
Q

How many CDR’s create the antigen binding site?

A

6

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15
Q

What is the structural part of the antigen that is recognised?

A

epitope

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16
Q

Where is the antigen binding site?

A

tip of the FAB arms

17
Q

What is the antigen binding site formed by?

A

Vh and Vl domains

18
Q

What is the name of the manmade carbon molecule?

A

Buckminsterfullerene C60

19
Q

What is C60 used for?

A

immunise mice and generate antibodies

20
Q

What is the most abundant immunoglobin in plasma?

21
Q

What is the only immunoglobulin to cross placenta from mother to foetus?

22
Q

What is the predominant antibody of the secondary response?

23
Q

Where is IgM found?

A

plasma and secretions

24
Q

In IgM, what joins the units?

A

J chain and disulphide bonds

25
How many units are in IgM so how many binding sites are there?
5 10
26
What is the predominant antibody of the primary response?
IgM
27
What is the major antibody of seromucous secretions?
IgA
28
What are the 2 forms of IgA?
Monomeric (serum) and dimeric (secretory)
29
What are dimers of IgA held together by?
J bonds and SC
30
What immunoglobulin is associated with the allergic response and parasitic infections?
IgE
31
Where is IgE expressed?
mast cells and basophils
32
Where is IgD found?
Surface of lymphocytes
33
What are Fc receptors?
Effector molecules that bind to Fc region on immunoglobulins