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Immunology > Complement > Flashcards

Complement Flashcards

1
Q

What is the complement system?

A

a system of about 50 different proteins which mediates a wide range of functions and involves enzyme cascades to help eliminate infections microorganisms

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2
Q

What do components of an enzyme cascade circulate as?

A

inactive precursors

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3
Q

What are the names of the 3 main pathways that activate complement?

A
  1. classical
  2. lectin
  3. alternative
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4
Q

What is the central component of complement?

A

C3

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5
Q

What deficiency causes recurrent bacterial infections?

A

C3 deficiency

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6
Q

What do all 3 pathways result in?

A

C3 -> C3b and C3a

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7
Q

What happens to C3b

A

it is deposited onto the surface of microorganisms and marks it out for destruction

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8
Q

What is the first component of the classical pathway?

A

C1q

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9
Q

What shape is C1q

A

Hexavalent

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10
Q

How is C1q arranged?

A

bunch of tulips - 18 polypeptides

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11
Q

What molecules activate the classical pathway?

A

IgG and IgM

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12
Q

How does C1q bind to IgM/IgG molecules?

A

C1q engages globular heads with Fc region of IgM/IgG

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13
Q

What is cleaved by the classical pathway?

A

C4 and C2

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14
Q

What enzyme is formed by the classical pathway?

A

C3 convertase

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15
Q

What is the lectin pathway activated by?

A

Lectins

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16
Q

Name a protein that participates in the lectin pathway?

A

Mannose binding lectin (MBL)

17
Q

What cleavage occurs in the lectin pathway?

A

C4 -> C4a + C4b

18
Q

What cleavage occurs in the lectin pathway?

A

C4 -> C4a + C4b

19
Q

What enzyme is produced by the lectin pathway?

A

C5 convertase

20
Q

What pathway is the 1st major line of defence against systemic infection?

A

Alternative pathway

21
Q

What pathway can function immediately?

A

Alternative pathway

22
Q

What forms funnel-shaped holes in cell membranes?

A

membrane attack complex

23
Q

What is it called when microorganisms/ complement components are coated, making them more susceptible to phagocytosis?

A

opsonisation

24
Q

Why will microorganisms coated in C3b be phagocytosed more efficiently?

A

phagocytes have receptors for C3b

25
Q

What is chemotaxis?

A

the directed migration of a cell in response to a chemical stimulus

26
Q

What are anaphylatoxins?

A

complement products that are potent proinflammatory mediators

27
Q

What are the 2 anaphylatoxins?

A

C3a and C5b

28
Q

What is released when C3a binds to receptors on mast cells?

A

histamine

29
Q

What controls the classical pathway?

A

C1 inhibitor
DAF
CR1

30
Q

What is the alternative pathway controlled by?

A

Factor 1
Factor H
CR1

31
Q

What is an immune complex?

A

antigen and antibody clumps

Immunology (6 decks)

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