Immunogenicity Flashcards
Immunologenic substance and antigenic substance are…… But it’s more appropriate to use immunogenic terms to describe state in which a substance……..
And antigenic term used when the substrate…..
Closely related term
Induce immune response
Able to react with immune response product
All immunogenic substance are……
But not all ……. Are immunogenic
Antigenic
…..is example of antigenic substance and lack….
Hapten
The immunogenicity
…..as potent immunogenic then…..
…… And….. Are not immunogenic unless they coupled with……. Or…..
Protein , polysaccharide
Lipid and nucleic acid
Protein or polysaccharide
First of all any substance induce immune response must be recognize as…..
Non self material
The extent of immunogenicity is depending on….
The extent of foreignness
BSA is………in cow and……in goat and……in rebbit And chicken
Non immunogenic
Less immunogenic
More immunogenic
Collagen and cytochrome are……….
Highly conservative molecules
Showing Very small immunogenicity through different species
……. And…….. Exhibit greater immunogenicity even in their original species when they injected into the host
Sperm and cornea
Processing and presentation of antigen on MHC enhance development of………..
Humoral antibody and cellular immunity
Large molecules which poorly engulfed and presented by phagocytes are…
Poorly immunogenic
Quantity and quality of immune response after introducing of antigen depending on…….
Genotype of the host
Région in MHC responsible on……
Variations in immunological response
MHC which presenting the antigen to B and T cells thus affecting……….
Quantity and quality of the response
Any genatic variation in gene of T and aB cell receptor will combined with…….
Variations in immune response
The booster dose which mean……
Repeated exposure to same immunogenic substance over period of weeks augment the immune response and increase effector cells proliferation and production of effector cells
Adjuvant
It’s substance augment the immune response to antigen when mixed with it
Adjuvant used in 2 situation
When antigen has low immunogenicity
When antigen available in small amounts
Adjuvant enhance the immune response by
Persistence of antigen for long periods time
Enhance co stimulatory signal of Tcell activation
Enhance the local inflammatory reaction
Encouragement of non specific proliferation of lymphocytes
Example of adjuvant
Aluminium potassium sulphate ALUM
Super antigen
Protein produced by bacteria and viruses able to activate T cell regardless antigen specificity
Super antigen causing….. Activation of T cell
Polyclonal
Epitopes or antigenic determinants
Effector cells and molecules of immune system react again specific site in immunogen
T and B cell may recognize…… in same immunological molecules
Different epitopes
Réorganisation of antigenic molecules by adaptive immunity occur through
Antibody MHC and T cell receptor
Immunoglobulin
Referred to immunity related protein
All immunoglobulin have the ….. Structure but….in … ..
Same
Differ in antigens binding sites
2 form of intibody
Immunoglobulin
Membrane bound from
Secretory form
Membrane bound from play important roles in…….. of adaptive immunity
Recognition phase
Secretory form represent the ..
Effector mechanism of humoral immunity
Each immunoglobulin molecules has basic structure of……
Two identical heavy chain and two identical light chain
…… Link light chain to heavy chain
Disulfide bonds
Both heavy and light chain formed of units of… .. each unit about. . In length and form globular part named…..
Amino acids
110 amino acid
Domain
…….. Formed of amino end variable region V of both……….
Antigen binding sites
Heavy and light chain
Constant region formed of. …. Which mediates the…….
Carboxy end of heavy chain
Biological functions of immunoglobulin
Each heavy chain consists of……..
Variable region and constant region
Variable region of heavy chain formed of……. And constant region formed of…..
One domain
Three domain
Light chain consists of…..
Two domain one in variable region and the one in constant region
Variability of amino acid sequence in variable region responsible on…….. which produced by….
Diversity of immunoglobulin
Different B clones
Most of difference in immunoglobulin are limited in three short part in variable region of both heavy and light chain named……….
Hyper variable segment and formed of 10amino acid
The surface of hyper variable region form….
The hyper variable region also called…..
Complementary site
Complementary determining region
Molecular movement between constant heavy chain domain 1 and constant heavy domain 2 responsible on…… this….. Region called……
Flexibility of immunoglobulin
Flexib
Hinge region
Two types of light chain….. And…… Which can difference between them by……
Kappa and lamda
Amino acid sequence in constant region
…. has the longest half Life
….. has the shortest half Life
IgG
IgE
Immunoglobulin molecules divided into…… types with subtype depending on…..
Five main
Type of heavy chain
…. Has the highest concentration in the serum
…… has the lowest concentration in the serum
IgG
IgD
The immunoglobulin can be cleaved into structural and functional fragments by…….
Proteolytic enzymes
Papain enzyme cleaves the immunoglobulin at….. into..
Hinge region
Three fragments
Two of the 3 fragments….to each other and consist of….. associated with part of……
This part maintain the…… and called….
Identical
Complete light chain
Heavy chain
Capacity to bind antigen
Fab
Third fragments consisting of… …
This part of immunoglobulin has tendency to………so called….
Two identical disulfide linked heavy chain
Self association and crystallization
FC
Pepesin enzyme cleavages action on the immunoglobulin is limited to……… generating…. And
Carboxy end of hinge region
Antigen binding fragments with hinge region
And intact inter chain disulfide bond this fragments called F(ab2)
Fab and F(ab2) are….. Because they can bound antigen without….
Sutible experimental tool
FC dependent biological functions
Large space or area between epitopes of monovalent antigen will lead to……. between antibody and antigen despite……. between single antigenic binding sites of antibody and single epitopes of monovalent antigen
Low avidity interaction
High affinity interaction
When antigenic epitopes are close to each other and both antigen binding site of antibody interact with it
This called……..
Higher avidity or bivalent interaction
