Bacterial Structure Flashcards
Some bacteria surrounded by………. Or…….. Or….
Polysaccharide ex pneumococcus
Protein layer ex bacillus anthracis
Both
Capsule (polysaccharide ( also known as ……
Glycocalyx (meaning sugar coat)
The presence of capsule can be determined by…..
Using negative staining (India ink)
If the substance (capsule) is unorganized and only loosely attached to the cell wall the glycocalyx is described as…..
Slime layer or bioflim
Capsule are important in contributing to…….
Bacterial virulence
Capsule often…… Pathogenic bacteria from……
Protect
Phagocytosis (antiphagocytosis)
Capsule aids……to the host tissue surface
Adherence
Capsule can also acts as……to toxic hydrophobic molecules such as detergent
Barrier
Flagella types
Long filamentous appendages that propel bacteria
1monotrichous: single polar flagella
2amphitrichous: single flagella at each end of the cell
3lophotrichous: two or More flagella at one or both end of the cell
4peritrichous: flagella distributed over the entire cell
Flagella provide…… to the cell
Motility ,motion, locomotion
Spirochetes bacteria move by means of……or…… bundle of fibrils that arise at the ends of the cell beneath outer sheath and spiral around the cell producing…..
Axial filaments
Endoflagella
Corkscrew motion
Fimbriae and pili used for….m
Attachment and transfer of DNA rather than motility
Structure of fimbriae and pili consists of protein called…..
Pilin
Fimbriae it help the microbe to…….. mucous membrane ex…. The causative agent of the..m
Adhere and colonize
Neisseria gonorrhea
Gonorrhea
Pili divided into two types:
Ordinary pili play role in adherence of bacteria to the host cell
Sex pili pili join bacterial cells in preparation for the transfer of the DNA from one cell to another processes called conjugation
the transfer of the DNA from one cell to another processes called….
conjugation
The major function of the cell wall is to……..
Prevent bacterial cells from rupturing when the water pressure inside the cell is greater than that outside the cell
Cell wall is the site of…
Some antibiotics action
The chemical composition of the cell wall is used to……
Differentiate major types of the bacteria
The cell of some…… such as plants algae and fungi have cell wall thier Wall differ chemically from those of prokaryotic are….. And…..
Eukaryotic
Simpler in structure
Less rigid
Bacterial cell wall composed of macromolecular network called…… Also named….
Peptidoglycan
Murein
The peptidoglycan of the cell wall is rigid made up of rope like linear….. chain cross linked by…..
Polysaccharide
Peptide
Polysaccharide of cell wall is made up of repeating disaccharide of…… and… ..
N acetyl glucosamine NAG
N acetyl muramic acid NAM
In cell wall structure
The peptide is…… because it contain both…….
Unusual
D and L amino acid D amino acid are not normally used in nature
The peptidoglycan in gram positive bacteria forms …..
The peptidoglycan is only…… In grams negative bacteria
Multiple layers forming thick rigid structure
One thin layer
Gram positive cell wall contain……. Which consists of…. . or…..
Teichoic acid
Glycerol
Ribitol
Two classes of teichoic acid…….. and…..
Lipoteichoic acid (linked to plasma membrane)
Wall teichoic acid (linked to peptidoglycan)
Functions of teichoic acid
Bind and regulate the movement of cation into and out of the cell
Role in cell growth
Identify bacteria
Cell wall of gram negative bacteria consists of…..and…. which composed of….
One or very few layer of peptidoglycan
Outer membrane
Lipoprotein, lipopolysaccharide (lps) and phospholipid
Functions of outer membrane of gram negative
Evading phagocytosis and action of complement system
Provide barrier
Part of permeability of the outer membrane is due to protein in the membrane called….. that form…
Porin
Channel
Porin
Provide passage of molecules such as nucleotide, disaccharide, peptide, amino acid, vitamin and iron
The polysaccharide portion of LPS is composed of…… the functions as…..
The lipid portion of the LPS called…..is referred to as….. Wish is toxic when in host blood stream causing… And….
O polysaccharide
Antigen and useful for gram negative identify
Lipid A
Endotoxin
Fever and shock
Peptidoglycan is bounded to lipoprotein and…..
Periplasm (priplasmic space)
Priplasmic space
A gel like fluid between the outer membrane and the plasma membrane
The periplasm contain a high concentration of…… and…
Degradative enzyme
Transport proteins
تلعب دور في metabolism and pathogenesis
Cell wall and the gram stain mechanism based on…m
Difference in cell walls structure of gram positive and gram negative bacteria
Primary stain…. Stain both cells…..
Crystal violet
Purple
Iodine….. Form….. and combined with…….
The mordant
Large crystal
Peptidoglycan layer
Alcohol ..
The decolorize
Impermeable crystal violet iodine in gram positive
Dissolve lipid in gram negative
Gram negative bacteria become… After the alcohol wash
Colourless
The addition of….turn the gram negative cell…
Safranin (the counter stain)
Pink
Mycobacterium and pathogenic species of…. which also known as…. these bacteria have high concentration of…
That prevents the uptake of gram stain
Norcardia
Acid fast bacteria
60% hydrophobic waxy lipid (mycolic acid)
….. smallest known bacteria
Mycoplasma
Plasma membrane of the Mycoplasma are unique among bacteria in having….
Sterols (protect them from osmotic Lysis
Cell wall can be damaged by……..
Enzyme lysozyme
Penicillin or B lactam antimicrobial drug
Spheroplasts
Protoplasts
Cell wall partially removed (gram negative bacteria)
Cell wall completely removed (gram positive bacteria)
Certain gram negative bacteria form stable spheroplasts that are known…
L form bacteria
Capably of growing and dividing
Both protoplasts and spheroplasts are… In shape
Cocci
Prokaryotic plasma membrane lack….thus are…… Than eukaryotic except….. which contains…
Sterols
Less rigid
Mycoplasma
Membrane sterols
Chromatophores
Pigment and enzyme involved in photosynthesis are found in infolding of the plasma membrane
Functions of bacterial plasma membrane
ATP production
Selective permeability
