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Path Memory Test > Immuno - Vaccination > Flashcards

Immuno - Vaccination Flashcards

1
Q

Routine Vaccinations

Over 65

A

Influenza, Pneumococcal

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2
Q

Routine Vaccinations

Travel

A

Cholera, Hep A, Hep B, Jap Enceph, Tick-bourne enceph, Typoid, Yellow fever

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3
Q

Routine Vaccinations

BCG

A

At risk infants

Promotes T cell mediated response, lasts 10-15 years

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4
Q

Routine Vaccinations (Adult)

T/Polio

A

If not vac’d as child

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5
Q

Routine Vaccinations (Adult)

Diptheria/Tet/Whoop and Polio

A

Pregnant 28-38 week gestation

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6
Q

Routine Vaccinations

Shingles

A

Aged 70 - 79

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7
Q

Features of Central Memory T-Cells

A
  • CD45RO+ CD45RA-
  • Found in lymph nodes and tonsils
  • CCR7 and CD62L allow migration to LNs
  • Produce IL-2 (promotes effector T-cell production)
  • CD4+ predominant

Strong capacity for self renewal, like a stem cell

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8
Q

Features of Effector Memory T-cells

A
  • CD45RO+ CD45RA-
  • Found in lungs, liver and GI
  • CCR7 -ve and CD62L-low mean no migration to LNs
  • Produce IFN-g and peforin
  • CD8+ predominant
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9
Q

Perfect Vaccine

A
  1. Good protection
  2. Single injection
  3. No adverse effects
  4. Easy storage
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10
Q

Good quality antigen

A

Chemically complex - hard to break down and can linger for longer

Multiple epitopes - so develop a response against a lot of potential targets

Persistence of antigen results in larger response and generation of more memory cells

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11
Q

Routes of administration

A

Subcut - best, right into langerhan cells
IM - ok
IV - bad, taken straight to spleen and broken down
Oral - ok and good for gut response
Resp - ok but be aware of allergic reaction

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12
Q

Flu Vaccine

A

Vaccine vs haemagluttinin

  • CD8 cells control viral load - stop the virus from growing too much
  • Abs provide protective response - stop the virus from becoming infectious

Correlation between circulating anti-HA (anti-haemagluttinin) and resistance to infection

  • Protection beings within a week and lasts 6 months
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13
Q

Type of vaccine

Sabin polio

A

Live

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14
Q

Type of vaccine

MMR

A

Live attenuated (reduced in virulence)

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15
Q

Type of vaccine

Chicken Pox

A

Live

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16
Q

Type of vaccine

Yellow fever

A

Live

17
Q

Type of vaccine

BCG

A

Live attenuated (reduced in virulence)

18
Q

Type of vaccine

Typhoid

A

Live attenuated (reduced in virulence)

19
Q

Advantages and Disadvantages of Live

A

AD

  • Lifelong
  • Activates all arms of the immune system
  • Protection vs cross reactive strains

DISAD

  • Immunodeficient people may suffer - even weak viruses can wreak havoc
  • possible reversion of virulence
  • difficult to store
20
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of inactivated/component/conjugate

A

AD

  • Easier to store
  • Easier with immunodeficient Pts
  • Cheaper

DISAD

  • Poorer response
  • May need boosters
  • Does not necessarily follow route of infection, meaning immune response is not in sync with real infection
21
Q

Type of vaccine

polio (salk)

A

inactivated

22
Q

Type of vaccine

Anthrax

A

inactivated

23
Q

Type of vaccine

Cholera

A

inactivated

24
Q

Type of vaccine

Bubonic plague

A

inactivated

25
Q

Type of vaccine

Hep A

A

inactivated

26
Q

Type of vaccine

Rabies

A

inactivated

27
Q

Type of vaccine

Pertussis

A

inactivated

28
Q

Type of vaccine

Influenza

A

inactivated

29
Q

Type of vaccine

Hep B

A

Component

HBs antigen

30
Q

Type of vaccine

HPV

A

component

hpv capsid

31
Q

Type of vaccine

Influenza

A

component

neuraminidase and haemagluttinin

32
Q

Type of vaccine

Tetanus

A

conjugate

tetanus exotoxin

33
Q

Type of vaccine

Menin, pneumo, hib

A

conjugate

34
Q

Type of vaccine

Dip, Tet

A

toxoids

are toxins that have been inactivated but produce same immunogenic response

35
Q

Adjuvants

A

depots that allow to slowly release antigen, generating a steady stream

Path Memory Test (40 decks)

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