Immuno - Vaccination Flashcards
Routine Vaccinations
Over 65
Influenza, Pneumococcal
Routine Vaccinations
Travel
Cholera, Hep A, Hep B, Jap Enceph, Tick-bourne enceph, Typoid, Yellow fever
Routine Vaccinations
BCG
At risk infants
Promotes T cell mediated response, lasts 10-15 years
Routine Vaccinations (Adult)
T/Polio
If not vac’d as child
Routine Vaccinations (Adult)
Diptheria/Tet/Whoop and Polio
Pregnant 28-38 week gestation
Routine Vaccinations
Shingles
Aged 70 - 79
Features of Central Memory T-Cells
- CD45RO+ CD45RA-
- Found in lymph nodes and tonsils
- CCR7 and CD62L allow migration to LNs
- Produce IL-2 (promotes effector T-cell production)
- CD4+ predominant
Strong capacity for self renewal, like a stem cell
Features of Effector Memory T-cells
- CD45RO+ CD45RA-
- Found in lungs, liver and GI
- CCR7 -ve and CD62L-low mean no migration to LNs
- Produce IFN-g and peforin
- CD8+ predominant
Perfect Vaccine
- Good protection
- Single injection
- No adverse effects
- Easy storage
Good quality antigen
Chemically complex - hard to break down and can linger for longer
Multiple epitopes - so develop a response against a lot of potential targets
Persistence of antigen results in larger response and generation of more memory cells
Routes of administration
Subcut - best, right into langerhan cells
IM - ok
IV - bad, taken straight to spleen and broken down
Oral - ok and good for gut response
Resp - ok but be aware of allergic reaction
Flu Vaccine
Vaccine vs haemagluttinin
- CD8 cells control viral load - stop the virus from growing too much
- Abs provide protective response - stop the virus from becoming infectious
Correlation between circulating anti-HA (anti-haemagluttinin) and resistance to infection
- Protection beings within a week and lasts 6 months
Type of vaccine
Sabin polio
Live
Type of vaccine
MMR
Live attenuated (reduced in virulence)
Type of vaccine
Chicken Pox
Live
Type of vaccine
Yellow fever
Live
Type of vaccine
BCG
Live attenuated (reduced in virulence)
Type of vaccine
Typhoid
Live attenuated (reduced in virulence)
Advantages and Disadvantages of Live
AD
- Lifelong
- Activates all arms of the immune system
- Protection vs cross reactive strains
DISAD
- Immunodeficient people may suffer - even weak viruses can wreak havoc
- possible reversion of virulence
- difficult to store
Advantages and disadvantages of inactivated/component/conjugate
AD
- Easier to store
- Easier with immunodeficient Pts
- Cheaper
DISAD
- Poorer response
- May need boosters
- Does not necessarily follow route of infection, meaning immune response is not in sync with real infection
Type of vaccine
polio (salk)
inactivated
Type of vaccine
Anthrax
inactivated
Type of vaccine
Cholera
inactivated
Type of vaccine
Bubonic plague
inactivated
