Histo - Cerebrovascular disease

Question 1

Bruising over mastoid process

Answer 1

Battle’s sign

Fracture

Question 2

Racoon Eyes

Answer 2

Fracture

Question 3

Bruise of brain tissue, bleed to micro vessels from coup or contrecoup injury.

Answer 3

Contusion

If pia mater torn, laceration

Question 4

Most common cause of coma without bleeding

Many Lesions in white matter tract

Answer 4

Diffuse axonal injury

Question 5

Massive bleeding >50, high pressure
Recurrent bleeding at low pressure

Sx: headaches, seizures, focal neuro signs, haemorrhage 

Blood vessels very closely packed

Answer 5

Cavernous angioma

Question 6

Massive bleeding 20-50, high pressure

Sx: headaches, seizures, focal neuro signs, haemorrhage

Answer 6

Arterio-venous malformation

Question 7

Berry aneurism

Thunderclap, sudden onset headache

Answer 7

Subarachnoid

Question 8

Skull fracture, ruptured middle meningeal artery → rapid arterial bleed, lucid interval then LoC

Answer 8

Extradural

Artery

Question 9

Prev history of minor trauma → damaged bridging veins with slow venous bleed, often elderly/alcoholic, associated with brain atrophy,
fluctuating consciousness

Answer 9

Subdural

Vein

Question 10

Transient LoC and paralysis, recovery in hours or days

Answer 10

Concussion