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Micro & Immuno > Immuno > Flashcards

Immuno Flashcards

1
Q

IL2 (f)

A
  1. Prolif & diff of Th cells
  2. T cell growth & IFN-g secretion
  3. NK cell activation (anti-tumor)
  4. B cell division
  5. Monocytes activation
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2
Q

IL2 immunothx

A

ALDESLEUKIN

RCC, Metastatic melanoma

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3
Q

Angiogenesis inhib via VEGF inhibition

A

Bevacizumab

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4
Q

Anti CD52 MAB

A

Alemtuzumab

Tx: CLL

direct cytotox via complement fixation & Abx dep, CM cytox

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5
Q

What improves antigen presentation?

A

IFN-g, macrophage mediated

Inc expr of MCH I & II

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6
Q

GVHD

A
  • transplant pts (mostly liver, irradiated blood)
  • pts usually immunocompr > DONOR T CELLS migrate to host & recog host (pts) MHC as foreign > activation of donor CD4 & CD8 > host cell destruction
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7
Q

AutoAbx mediated HSR

IgG, IgM

A

Type II HSR

NK, eosinophils, neutrophils, macrophages, complement

eg : AIHA, Goodpasture. ITP, Pemphigus vulgaris

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8
Q

Immune complex mediated HSR

A

Type III

Neutrophils

eg : Serum sickness, PSGN, Lupus Nephritis

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9
Q

C1 complement deficiency

A

Inc risk for encapsulated bacteria infectious (SHiN) & SLE

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10
Q

IL2 R defect

A

SCID

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11
Q

Immuglobulin gene rearrangement impaired in

A

Hyper IgM

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12
Q

What produces ciliary movement?

A

Dyenin arm

ATP to slide microtubules past each other

Defect: immotile cilia / 1° Ciliary Dyskinesis / Kartagener syndrome

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13
Q

Inflamm anaphylotoxins

A

C3a, C4a, C5a

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14
Q

Chemotactic agents

A

C5a, IL8, 5HETE (LT precursor), LTB4, kallikrein, platelet-activating factor

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15
Q

Most potent chemotactic eicosanoid

A

LTB4

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16
Q

Leukotrienes in asthma

A

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4

Bronchospasm & inc bronchial reactivity > asthma

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17
Q

Which IFN activates macrophages

A

IFN-g

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18
Q

IFN-g (f) & source

A
  1. Activates macrophages
  2. Inc MHC expr
  3. Th1 cell diff

Produced by: Activated T & NK cells

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19
Q

IL4 (f)

A
  1. Th differentiation into Th2
  2. B activation
  3. Isotope switching to IgE
  4. Macrophage activation
  • protective in Ankylosing spondylitis
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20
Q

Which IL diff naive T into Th1 cells?

A

IL12

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21
Q

Immune response for extra cellular pathogens

A

Neutrophils

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22
Q

Immune response for intra cellular pathogens

A

Macrophages

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23
Q

Preformed Ab to donor ABO or HLA in which transplant rejection

A

Hyperacute transplant rejection

Type II HSR
- w/in minutes

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24
Q

Hyperacute TR mediators

A

Neutrophils + fibrinogen necrosis & thrombosis

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25
Q

Cell mediated immune response to mismatched donor HLA seen in which TR?

A

Acute

  • w to months
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26
Q

Acute TR mediators

A

Sm vessel & submucosal lymphocytic infiltrates

CD8 or 4 against donor MHC
Type IV HSR
- Abx dec after transplant

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27
Q

Low-grade CM response to HLA seen in?

A

Chronic TR

Type II + IV HSR
- months to years

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28
Q

Chronic TR mediated by

A

Granulation, scarring & bronchiolitis obliterans

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29
Q

Chronic lung TR

A

OLD, dec FEV1, dyspnea & cough

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30
Q

Restrictive allograft syndrome

A

Fibrotic changes to pleurae

RLD

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31
Q

Proteins degraded by lysosomes in which MHC

A

II

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32
Q

Proteins degraded by proteosomes in which MHC

A

MHC I

33
Q

Transmigration of inflamm cells mediated by

A

Integrins

34
Q

What subs causes allergic response when attached to hapten

A

Urushiol, contact dermatitis

35
Q

MC 1° immune deficiency

A

Selective IgA deficiency

36
Q

IgE Ab against IgA seen in

A

Selective IgA def

Anaphylaxis on blood transfusions

37
Q

C1 esterase inhibitor def

A

Hereditary Angioedema

38
Q

Pro-apoptotic

A

Bak, Bax, Bim

39
Q

Anti-apoptotic

A

Bcl2, Bcl-x

40
Q

Cysteine-aspartic acid proteases

A

Caspase

41
Q

Neutrophilic granules

A

Leukocyte alkaline phosphatase, collagenase, lysozyme, lactoferrin.

Azurophilic granules: proteinases, acid phosphatase, myeloperoxidase, b-glucoronidase

42
Q

Hematopoesis

A

Multipotent stem cells :

  1. Lymphoid
  2. Myeloid stem cells
43
Q

Lymphoid stem cells

A

Lymphoblasts : B (Plasma) , T (Th & Tcytotoxic) , NK cells

44
Q

Myeloid stem cells

A
  1. Erythropoesis: erythroblasts > Eticulocyte > RBC
  2. Thrombopoesis: magakaryoblast > megakaryocyte > Platelets
  3. Monocytopoesis: Monoblasts > monocytes (blood) > macrophages (tissues)
  4. Granulocytopoesis: myeloblasts > eosinophils + basophils & mast cells, band cells > neutrophils
45
Q

Hypersegmented neutrophils

A

Vit B12/ folate def

46
Q

Inc band cells in?

A

Bacterial infection, CML

47
Q

Platelet enzymes

A

Dense granules: CASH :: Ca2+, ADP, Serotonin, Histamine

Alpha granules: vWF (GpIb), fibronectin, fibrinogen (GpIIb/IIIa) , platelet factor 4

48
Q

Frosted glass cytoplasm seen in which cells?

A

Monocytes

49
Q

Septic shock immunopath

A

Lipid A from bacterial LPS binds to CD14 on macrophages

50
Q

Specific macrophages in

Liver
Connective tissue
Skin
Bone
Brain
A 
Liver: Kupffer cells
Connective tissue: Histiocytes
Skin: Langerhans cells
Bone: Osteoclasts
Brain: Microglia
51
Q

Eosinophilic enzymes

A 
Histamine
Major basic protein
Eosinophilic peroxidase
Eosinophilic neurotoxin
Eosinophilic cation ic protein
52
Q

Eosinophilia causes

A

PAC-MAN

Parasites
Adrenal insufficiency 
Asthma
Allergies 
Churg-Strauss/ Eosinophilic granulomatous w polyangitis
Myeloproliferative disorders
Neoplasia: Hodgkin
53
Q

Basophils secrete

A

Histamine

Heparin

54
Q

What activates mast cells?

A

Tissue trauma
C3a & C5a
Surface IgE crosslinking

55
Q

Mast cell enzymes

A

Histamine
Heparin
Tryptase
Eosinophilic chemotactic factors

56
Q

What inhibits mast cell degranulation?

A

Cromolyn Na

Asthma prophylaxis

57
Q

Drugs causing IgE mediated mast cell degranulation

A

Vancomycin (Red man syndrome)
Opioids
Radiocontrast dye

58
Q

NK cells

lytic granules
CD receptors

A

Performing & granzymes

CD56 & CD16 (FcR)

59
Q

T cell diff & (f) & activation

A

Cytotoxic CD8, MHC I
Helper T CD4, MHC II
Regulatory T

CD28: co-stimulators signal for T cell activation

60
Q

Clock-face chromatin

A

Plasma cells

61
Q

Plasma cell dys Rasta

A

Multiple myeloma

62
Q

Abn lysosomal fusion n transport

A

Chediak-Higashi

Childhood.

Inc bact infections, hypo pigmentations, neurological dys(f)

»Sir Chédiak-Higashi’s LYST of A LMNOP«

63
Q

PD1 (f)

A

PD1 -binding- PDL1 inhibits CytotoxicT cells : dec immune response

cancers inc expression of PD-L1 on their surface.

Monoclonal antibodies against PD-1 upregulate the T-cell response and promote tumor cell apoptosis.

64
Q

MAB against

PD1

PDL1

Uses

A

Pembrolizumab
Nivolumab

Atezolizumab

Melanoma, lung ca, RCC,

65
Q

CCR5

A

CFCR5 — CD4
HIV

inhibits CD4

66
Q

CD28

A

CD28 (Tcell) — B7 (APC)

Co-stimulators signal

67
Q

Alternative splicing

A

Beta-thalassemia

HIV

68
Q

Test for measure of cell-mediated immunity

A

IFN-gamma release assays (IGRAs)

69
Q

Hx recurrent pneumoniae + celiac + anaphylactic reaction during blood transfusion seen in?

A

IgA def

  • IgE against IgA
70
Q

Host T cell sensitization against graft MHC Ag seen in?

A

Acute rejection

71
Q

Graft B and T cell sensitization against host MHC Ag seen in?

A

GVHD

  • T>B
  • immunocompromised
72
Q

Host B-cell sensitization against graft MHC Ag seen in?

A

Chronic rejection

73
Q

Eosinophils (f)

A
  1. Parasitic defense: stimulated by IL5 (Th2) + mast cells. Parasite in micosa stimulates IgG + IgA - eosinophil degranulation + release of MBP :: Ab dep cell mediated tox (ADCC)
  2. Type I HSR:
74
Q

IL 5 (f)

A
  1. B cell growth
  2. IgA production
  3. Eosinophil activity
75
Q

Anti inflammatory cytokines

A
  1. IL10

2. TGF-b (also profibrotic effects)

76
Q

2 #MCC SCID

A

AR ADA def

1 #MCC : IL2receptor mutation

77
Q

Which enzyme def causes rec Candida infections?

A

MPO

78
Q

Which organisms are processed by proteosomes instead of lysosomes?

A

Intracellular - Listeria, Rickettsia

MHC Class I, CD8

Micro & Immuno (8 decks)

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