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Micro & Immuno > Bacteriology > Flashcards

Bacteriology Flashcards

1
Q

Where does M.tb replicate

A

Phagosomes

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2
Q

Ranke complex

A

Calcified lower lung lobe w I/L hilar LN on CXR

M.tb

VS Ghon complex

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3
Q

Abx against pseudomonas

A
  1. Penicillin: ticarcillin. Piperacillin.
  2. Ceph: Ceftazidime (3). Cefepime (4).
  3. Aminog: Amikacin. Gnetamycin. Tobramycin.
  4. Fluroq: Ciprofloxacin. Levofloxacin.
  5. Monobactams: Aztreonam.
  6. Carbapenems: Imipenem. Meropenem.
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4
Q

Bacterial infections in burn pts.

A

Gram +:

  1. S.aureus
  2. Enterococcus

Gram -ve:

  1. Pseudomonas
  2. E.coli
  3. Klebsiella
  4. Acinetobacter
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5
Q

Cellulitis related to fresh/ sea water exposure

A

Vibrio vulnificus + aeromonas

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6
Q

Fleeting red/pink rash w/ central clearing

A

Erythema marginatum

RF d/t strep throat

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7
Q

Slow spreading rash w/ central clearing

A

Erythema migrans: 🎯

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8
Q

Septic abortion pathogens

A

S.aureus
E.coli
Group B strep

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9
Q

MCC Cervicitis

Dx?

Tx?

A

Chlamydia
N.gonorrhoea

Dx: NAAT (Nucleic acid amplification test)

Tx: ceftriaxone + Azithromycin

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10
Q

N vaginal bacterial flora

A

Gardnerella vaginalis

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11
Q

Chorioamnionitis ass. w?

A

Listeria

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12
Q

Tubal scarring + PID » ectopic pregnancy

A

Neisseria

Chlamydia

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13
Q

MCC UTIs

A

E.coli

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14
Q

Culture on sorbitol McConkey agar Dx for?

A

EHEC

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15
Q

NAAT (PCR) + EIA Dx for?

A

C.diff

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16
Q

Modified acid-fast stain Dx for?

A

Cryptosporidium

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17
Q

Exotoxins

A

A. Protein synth inhib:

  1. Inactivate EF2 - C.diptheria + Pseudomonas
  2. Inactivate 60s - Shiga + Shiga LT (EHEC)

B. Inc fluid secretion

  1. Inc cAMP - ETEC (LT) + Anthrax + Cholera toxin
  2. Inc cGMP - ETEC (ST)

C. Inhibit phagocytosis
1. Inc cAMP - Pertussis

D. Inhib NT release
1. Cleavage of SNARE proteins - Tetjospasmin + Botulinum tox

E. Cell memb lysis

  1. Lecithinase / phospholipase C - alpha tox (C.perf)
  2. Streptolysin O - S.pyogenes

F. Super Ag
(bind to b-TCR to MHCII on APC to release IL1, IL2, IFN-a, TNFa)
1. TSST1 - S.aureus
2. Erythrogenic exotoxins A - S.pyogenes

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17
Q

Exo vs Endo toxins

A 
Exotoxins:
Secreted from cell
High SE : fatal even in sm doses
TOXOID vaccine
Heat labile ~Except: Staph + E.coli ST~
Endotoxins:
Mostly gram -ve
» ENDOTOXINS «
Edema
Nitric oxide
DIC/Death
Outer membrane
TNF-α
O-antigen + core polysaccharide + lipid A
eXtremely heat stable
IL-1 and IL-6
Neutrophil chemotaxis
Shock
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18
Q

Bacteria exotoxins

A
  1. B.anthracis: Anthrax — a. Edema factor (inc cAMP) b. Lethal factor (Zn-dep protease causing apoptosis)
  2. B.pertussis: a. Pertussis tox (~edema factor) b. Adenylate cyclase tox (~edema factor)
  3. C.botulinum: Botulinum tox (dec presyn ACh @ NMJ)
  4. C.diff: a. Tox A (neutrophils + cytokines = inflamm + diarrhea) b. Tox B/ Cytotoxin (actin depolymerization = pseudomemb + necrosis)
  5. Shigella: Shiga tox (inhib 60S ribosomal unit = death + diarrhea)
  6. S.pyogenes: a. Pyrogenic tox (SUPERAg. Strep TSS + Scarlet fever) b. Streptolysin O+S (beta hemolysis)
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19
Q

Inc cAMP in intestinal mucosa by?

A
  1. B.pertussis
  2. ETEC (LT)
  3. Campylobacter
  4. V.cholerae

Dec abs + inc Na, Cl n water secretion = diarrhea

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20
Q

Inc cGMP by?

A
  1. ETEC (ST)

2. Yersinia enterocolitica

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21
Q

ADP ribosylation

Catalyzed by?

inhibited by?

A

Catalyzed by:
Corynebacterium diptheriae: Diptheria tox — inhib protein synth by inc ADP-ribosylation of EF2 inactivation
EXOtox

inhibited by:
B.pertussis: Pertussis tox — inhib ADP ribosylation causing inc cAMP

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22
Q

Which toxin production in enhanced by iron deficiency?

A

Shiga + Shiga-like toxin

Shigella + EHEC

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24
Q

Direct contact w domesticated animals

A

Campylobacter

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25
Q

Infection in asplenic pts

A
  1. S.pneumoniae
  2. H.inf
  3. N.meningitidis

» SHiN «

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26
Q

Infection in Sickle cell pts

A
  1. SHiN

2. Salmonella osteomyelitis

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27
Q

Infections in CF pts

A

Adults:
1. Pseudomonas (Also in DM + COPD pts)

Children:

  1. H.inf
  2. Staph aureus
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28
Q

Walking pneumonia caused by?

A

Mycoplasma

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29
Q

Cold agglutinin causes by

A

Mycoplasma pneum

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30
Q

Which organism binds oligosaccharide on resp epith ?

A

Mycoplasma

Cold agglutinin

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31
Q

Alpha hemolytic strep

A
  1. Viridans
  2. Strep pneumoniae

Further diff by optochin n bile

» OVRPS«

32
Q

Beta-hemolytic strep

A

Group A:
Strep pyogenes

Group B:
Strep agalactiae

Further diff by Bacitracin

» B-BRAS «

33
Q

Gama-hemolytic strep

A
  1. Enterococcus

2. Strep gallolyticus/ bovis

34
Q

UTI after cytoscopy/ GU procedure caused by?

A

Enterococcus

35
Q

N intestinal flora causing UTI, bacterimia, endocarditis, pelvic nosocomial infections ?

A

E.fecalis + E.faecium

36
Q

Lecithinase toxin produced by?

A

C.perf

Lecithinase = phospholipase C/ alpha toxin — cell lysis, tissue necrosis + edema

37
Q

UTI caused by in dwelling catheters caused by?

A

Typical:
E.coli, Klebsiella, Staph saprophyticus, Proteus

Opportunistic:
Pseudomonas, Enterococcus

38
Q

Protein that mimics Abx in heart secreted by which organism?

A

S.pyogenes — M protein : RF, molecular mimicry

39
Q

Ag + VF for S.pyogenes

A

SUPERAg :

  1. SpeA + SpeC : Strep TSS
  2. SpeB : necrotizing fasciitis

Ag:

  1. M protein : RF
  2. Streptolysin O : ASO tigers, Dx for infection
  3. Streptokinase : plasminogen to plasmin
40
Q

IgA protease VF for?

A
  1. S.penumoniae
  2. Neisseria
  3. H.inf
40
Q

S.aureus VF?

A

Protein A

41
Q

Otitis media caused by?

Otitis externa caused by?

A

OM:

  1. Strep pneumo
  2. H.inf
  3. Moraxella catarrhalis

OE:
1. Pseudomonas

44
Q

Bacteria which do not take up gram stain (11)

A

» These Little Microbes May Unfortunately Lack Real Color But Are Everywhere «

Treponema, Leptospira [too thin) Mycobacteria (cell wall has high lipid content)
Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma (No cell wall)
Legionella, Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Bartonella, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia

45
Q

Bacteria taking up Giemsa stain

A

Rickettsia, Chlamydia, Trypanosomes, Plasmodium, Borrelia, Helicobacter pylori

» Ricky got Chlamydia as he Tried to Please the Bored Hot “Geisha” «

46
Q

Zeihl-Neelsen stain

A

= Carbol fuchsin stain

Mycobacterium
Nocardia
Cryptosporidium

47
Q

(Methamine) Silver stain

A
  1. Coccidioides
  2. Pneumocystis jirovecii
  3. Legionella
  4. Helicobacter pylori
  5. Aspergillus
48
Q

Special culture media

Chocolate agar:

Thayer-Martin agar:

Bordet-Gengou agar:

Tellurite agar, Löffler medium:

Eaton agar:

MacConkey agar:

Eosin–methylene blue (EMB) agar:

Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine and iron:

A

Chocolate agar: H.inf

Thayer-Martin agar: Neisseria

Bordet-Gengou agar: Bordetella pertussis

Tellurite agar, Löffler medium: C.dipth

Eaton agar: M.pneumoniae

MacConkey agar: lactose fermenters

Eosin–methylene blue (EMB) agar: E.coli

Charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with cysteine and iron: Legionella, Brucella, Francisella

49
Q

Obligate intracellular

A

Rickettsia,
Chlamydia,
Coxiella

Rely on host ATP

» Stay inside (cells) when it is Really Chilly and Cold «

50
Q

Facultative intracellular

A

Salmonella, Neisseria, Brucella, Mycobacterium, Listeria, Francisella, Legionella, Yersinia pestis

» Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY «

51
Q

Encapsulated bacteria

A

» Please SHINE my SKiS «

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumoniae A, H.influenzae type b, Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and group B Strep.

52
Q

Oxidase +ve gram -ve bacteria

A
  1. Campylobacter
  2. V.cholera
  3. H.pylori
  4. Pseudomonas
53
Q

Urease-positive organisms

A

» Pee CHUNKSS «

Proteus, Cryptococcus, H pylori, Ureaplasma, Nocardia, Klebsiella, S epidermidis, S saprophyticus

Urease hydrolyzes urea to release ammonia and CO2 pH. Predisposes to struvite (ammonium magnesium phosphate) stones, particularly Proteus

54
Q

Biofilm producing bacteria

A
  1. S.epidermidis
  2. Viridans
  3. P.auroginosa
  4. Unencap H.inf
55
Q

Cruise-ship pneumonia:

Cruise-ship diarrhea:

A

Cruise-ship pneumonia: Legionella

Cruise-ship diarrhea: Norwalk/ Calicivirus

56
Q

Which organism causes hyponatremia?

A

Legionella

d/t inappropriate ADH secretion and/or impaired Na reabsoption

57
Q

Pneumonia from contaminated water

A

Legionella

58
Q

Tumbling motility

A

Listeria

59
Q

Neisseria VF?

A
  1. Polysaccharide capsule (impairs phagocytosis)
  2. Lipo-oligosaccharide (cytokines - circ collapse)
  3. Pilli (attachment to resp mucosa)
  4. IgA protease (cleaves IgA to prevent pilli inactivation)
60
Q

Neisseria vaccine

A
  1. Quadrivalent : capsule (A, C, Y, W) + diphtheria tox : stimulates T cells
  2. Serogroup B vaccine : capsule B ~ human neuronal adhesion molecule - molecular mimicry — AI. Recombinant proteins used instead. Recommended for asplenics or complement def pts
61
Q

MCC acute bacterial meningitis

A

H.inf + S.pneumo

62
Q

Which bact has an IgG outer memb protein

A

S.aureus

Protein A VF - binds to Fc portion of IgG — prevents opsonization, phagocytosis + complement fixation

63
Q

Intracellular polyphosphate granules seen on methylene blue

A

Corynebacterium diptheriae

64
Q

Type III secretion system

A

Gram -ve

Shigella
Salmonella 
Pseudomonas 
Yersinia
EPEC
  • allow bacteria to inject proteins directly into host cell to avoid invoking an immune response
65
Q

Free-living marine bacteria

A

Vibrio vulnificans

Raw sea-food (oysters) or wound infectious sp. in liver pts or hemochromatosis

66
Q

VF E.coli

A
  1. LPS : macrophage activation + IL1, IL6, TNF-a release - bacteremia + septic shock
  2. K1 capsular Ag: prevents phagocytosis n complement mediated lysis - neonatal meningitis
  3. Verotox/ Shiga~ tox: inactivates 60S - bloody gastroenteritis
  4. ST/LT: fluid n electrolyte secretion - watery GE
  5. P fimbriae: adhesion - UTI, Pyelonephritis
67
Q

Metallic green sheen on EMB

A

E.coli

68
Q

Which bacteria inhibits host protein synth via ADP ribosylation of EF2?

A

Diptheria toxin

  • Gram + rod
  • non spore forming
  • aerosols
69
Q

Bacteria which causes infection w prosthetic devices?

A

S.epidermidis

  • Adhesions + biofilms
70
Q

Bacteria producing extracellular polysaccharide?

A

Viridans

  • dextran
  • endocarditis in damaged heart valves
71
Q

Bacteria causing endocarditis in N heart valves?

A

S.gallolyticus / bovis

  • colon cancer
72
Q

SJS microbe

A

CMV

Mycoplasma

73
Q

Anti pseudomonas Abx

A

» F CAMP «

  1. Fluroquinolones: cirpo/ levofloxacin
  2. Cephalosporins: Ceftazidime (3). Cefepime (4)
  3. Carbapenems: Imipenem, Meropenem
  4. Aminoglycosides: Amikacyn, Gentamycin, Tobramycin
  5. Monobactams: Aztreonam
  6. Penicillin: Ticarcillin, Piperacillin
74
Q

Gram -ve lactose fermenters rods

A

Pink colonies

A. Fast fermenters » KEE «

  1. Klebsiella
  2. E.coli
  3. Enterobacter

B. Slow fermenters » CS «

  1. Citrobacter
  2. Serratia
75
Q

Gram -ve non lactose fermenters rods

A

White colonies

A. Oxidase +ve
1. Pseudomonas

B. Oxidase -ve

i. H2S production
1. Proteus
2. Salmonella
ii. No H2S production
1. Shigella

76
Q

N flora

Oropharynx:

Dental plaques:

A

Oropharynx: Viridans

Dental plaques: S.mutans

77
Q

Which bacteria requires cholesterol to grow?

A

M.pneumoniae

78
Q

Gram +ve bacteria used to Tx torticollis

A
  • subterminal spores
  • cleaves SNARE proteins
  • type B botulinum toxin used to Tx:
    1. Torticollis
    2. Muscle spasms in Multiple Sclerosis and Parkinson
    3. Relax LES in Achlasia
    4. Facial wrinkles
  • effects last only 3m since N terminal regenerates

Micro & Immuno (8 decks)

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