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Immuno Flashcards

1
Q

Splenic dysfunction leaves patients susceptible to encapsulated organisms. What are these organisms?

A

SHiN SKiS

Strep pneumo
Haemophilus influenza
Neisseria meningitidis

Salmonella
Klebsiella
Group B strep

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2
Q

Which encapsulated primary lymphoid organ contains hassals corpuscles in the medulla?

A

Thymus

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3
Q

HLA subtypes assoc with disease: A3

A

Hemochromatosis

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4
Q

HLA subtypes assoc with disease: B27

A

PAIR

psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, inflammatory bowel disease, reiters syndrome

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5
Q

HLA subtypes assoc with disease: DQ2/DQ8

A

Celiac disease

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6
Q

HLA subtypes assoc with disease: DR2

A

Multiple sclerosis, hay fever, SLE, goodpastures syndrome

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7
Q

HLA subtypes assoc with disease: DR 3

A

DM type 1, Graves’ disease

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8
Q

HLA subtypes assoc with disease: DR4

A

DM TYPE 1, RA

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9
Q

HLA subtypes assoc with disease: DR5

A

Pernicious anemia (B12 def), Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

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10
Q

Which cytokines enhance the activity of NK cells?

A

IL-2, IL-12, IFN-beta, IFN-alpha

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11
Q

I’m a CD4+ helper T-cell, and I want to become a Th1 cell what cytokine do I need? What if I had wanted to be a Th2 cell?

A

Th1: IL-12
Th2: IL-4

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12
Q

I’m a Th1 helper T cell. What is my main function? What cytokines do I secrete? What cytokines inhibit me?

A

I activate macrophages and phagocytic cells–cell mediated killing
I secrete IFN-gamma
I’m inhibited by IL-4 and IL-10 from the Th2 cells
My transcription factor is Tbe

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13
Q

I’m a Th2 helper T cell. What is my main function? What cytokines do I secrete? What cytokines inhibit me?

A

I recruit eosinophils for parasite defense and promote IgE production from B cells.
I secrete IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13
I’m inhibited by IFN-gamma from those Th1 cells
My transcription factor is GATA-3

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14
Q

I’m a Regulatory T cell. What is my main function? What surface markers do I express? What cytokines do I secrete (anti-inflammatory)?

A

I suppress CD4/8 cells effector functions
I express CD3, CD4, CD25 (and transcription factor FOXP3)
I secrete anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta

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15
Q

Mature lymphocytes express which two antibodies on their cell surface?

A

IgM (monomer)

IgD

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16
Q

Which antibody crosses the placenta?

A

IgG

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17
Q

Which antibodies activate complement?

A

IgG

IgM

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18
Q

Which antibody can poisoning bacteria and neutralize toxins and viruses?

A

IgG

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19
Q

Which antibody is secreted from mucus membranes and is also in tears and colostrum?

A

IgA dimef

20
Q

Which 2 complement components contribute to anaphylaxis?

A

C3a

C5a

21
Q

What are 2 factors that inhibit complement binding and prevent complement activation on self-cells?

A

Decay accelerating factor (DAF)

C1 inhibitor

22
Q

What are the two primary opsonins involved in bacterial defense?

A

C3b

IgG

23
Q

Which complement components form the membrane attack complex?

A

C5b-C9

24
Q

Complement disorders: C1 esterase deficiency?

A

Hereditary angioedema

ACEI contraindicated

25
Q

Complement disorders: C3 deficiency

A

Severe recurrent pyogenic sinus and respiratory tract infections
Inc susceptibility to type III hypersensitivity

26
Q

Complement disorders: C5-C9 deficiency

A

Recurrent neisseria bacteremia

27
Q

Complement disorders: DAF deficiency

A

Complement mediated lysis of RBCs and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

28
Q

I’m the cytokines mediator of septic shock. I activate the endothelium and cause leukocyte recruitment and vascular leak. I’m secreted by macrophages. Who am I?

A

TNF-alpha

29
Q

HOT T-BONE stEAk

A 
IL-1:  fever (HOT)
Il-2:  stimulates T CELLS
IL-3:  stimulates BONE marrow
IL-4:  stimulates IgE
IL-5:  stimulates IgA
30
Q

Which 2 cytokines secreted by macrophages are endogenous pyrogens, causing acute inflammation and fever?

A

IL-1

IL-6

31
Q

which cytokine secreted by macrophages recruits neutrophils?

A

IL-8

32
Q

What is the mechanism by which superantigens (S pyogens, S aureus) activate T cells?

A

Cross-link the beta region of the TCR to MHC Class II on APCs–leads to massive release of cytokines

33
Q

How do endotoxins (LPS) activate an immune response?

A

Stimulate macrophages by binding endotoxin receptor CD14. Th cells are not involved

34
Q

After exposure to what bugs are patient s given preformed antibodies “To Be Healed Rapidly”

A

Tetanus toxin,
botulinum Toxin,
HBV, rabies virus (patients given both passive and active)

35
Q

Which vaccines are live-attenuated?

A

Measles, mumps, polio (sabin), varicella, yellow fever

36
Q

What diseases are primarily due to type II cytotoxic hypersensitivity reactions?

A 
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Pernicious anemia
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Erythroblastosis fetalis
Acute hemolytic transfusion rxns
Rheumatic fever
Goodpastures syndrome
Bulbous pemphigoid
Pemphigus vulgaris
*all involve specific site/tissue where antigen is found
37
Q

Which vaccines are given as killed/inactivated?

A

Cholera, hepatitis, polio (Salk), rabies

38
Q

What diseases are primarily due to type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?

A

anaphylaxis (bee sting, food)

allergic and atopic (rhinitis, hay fever, eczema, hives)

39
Q

What diseases are primarily due to a type III hypersensitivity reaction?

A 
SLE
polyarteritis nodosa
post-strep glomerulonephritis
serum sickness
arthus reaction (after tetanus vaccine)
40
Q

What diseases are primarily due to a type IV hypersensitivity reaction?

A 
Multiple slcerosis
Guillan-Barre syndrome
Graft versus host disease
PPD (test for TB)
contact dermatitis (poison ivy)
41
Q

cerebellar defects (ataxia), spider angiomas (telangiectasia), IgA deficiency

Labs show elevated AFP

What immune deficiency does this patient have?

A

ataxia-telangiectasia which is a defect in the ATM gene (DNA repair)

42
Q

patient presents with thrombocytopenic purpura, infections, and eczema

Labs show: inc. IgE, inc. IgA and dec. IgM; thrombocytopenia

What immune deficiency does this patient have?

A

Wiskott=Aldrich syndrome

defect in WASP gene on X chromosome–>T cells unable to reorganize actin cytoskeleton

43
Q

1 year old boy presents with recurrent bacterial infections. Labs show dec. Ig’s.

A

X-linked agammaglobulinemia
defect in BTK (tyrosine kinase)=no B cell maturation
-recurrent bacterial infections after 6months of age (after maternal Ig’s are gone)
-normal Pro-B cells but dec maturation and number of mature B cells
-Dec Ig’s of all classes

44
Q

Name that congential defect: DiGeorge syndrome

A

thymic aplasia
22q11 deletion
failure to develo 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches

45
Q

Name that defect: IL-12 receptor deficiency

A

dec. Th1 response (IL-12 normally activates Th1 and NK cells)

46
Q

Name that defect: HyperIgE syndrome

A

Th1 cells fail to produce IFN-gamma (neutrophils fail to respond)
-only Th2 cells are making cytokines so you get LOTS of IgE

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