Immunizations Introduction Flashcards
Vaccines are intended to induce/provide immunity ? by administering an immunobiologic agent.
artificially
What kind of immunity is acquired when getting a vaccine?
active immunity
Immediate goal of immunization
Prevention of diseases
Ultimate goal of immunzation
Eradication of diseases
Herd immunity definition/concept
High vaccination rates will protect the person who’s immunized but also protect other members of the community who can’t be vaccinated due to medical reasons, etc. and reduce disease outbreaks
Spacing of ≥2 inactivated vaccines
No spacing required; can give all at once or at any interval
The exception to the rule of spacing ≥2 inactivated vaccines
PCV13 and PPSV23 need to be spaced 8 weeks apart (up to a year)
PCV13 and Menactra should be spaced ≥4 weeks apart
Spacing for an inactivated and a live vaccine
No spacing required
Spacing for ≥2 live vaccines
28-day minimum interval if not given simultaneously
What happens when you decrease the vaccine interval?
Decrease protection/less antibody response
What happens when you increase the vaccine interval?
Delayed protection
In general, do you restart a vaccine series?
No
When do you use the catch-up series?
If a vaccine dose isn’t recorded in a patient’s vaccination record
When should immunization be avoided/postponed?
Moderate-severe illness, history of Type I hypersensitivity, immunodeficiency diseases, live attenuated vaccines for pregnant women
Live attenuated vaccine interaction with chemo/radiation
Vaccinate 2 weeks before or 3 months after treatment
Live attenuated vaccine interaction with systemic corticosteroids
If the duration of steroid treatment is <14 days, can vaccinate immediately after D/C or wait ~2 weeks
If it’s ≥14 days, must wait at least 1 month to vaccinate
Live attenuated vaccine interaction with IVIG
IVIG shouldn’t be administered for 14 days after immunization (need to re-administer otherwise)
Generally, vaccines shouldn’t be given <3 months post-IVIG
Kawasaki disease: hold live vaccines for 11 months
Live attenuated vaccine and PPD interaction
Give simultaneously or wait 4-6 weeks
ARVs and live attenuated vaccine interaction
Avoid ARV use for 14 days after vaccination if possible
Vaccine adverse effects
Injection site reactions with or without fever, tiredness, fatigue, hypersensitivity reactions, vasovagal syncope, sterile abcesses
Vaccine storage
Most vaccines require storage between 2-8ºC, some require a freezer, some are light-sensitive
IM vaccines
COVID, Td, Tdap, flu (inactivated), PCV, PPV, herpes
SQ vaccines
Herpes zoster, PPV
What angle do you administer an IM vaccine at?
90º
What angle do you administer an SQ vaccine at?
45º
What vaccine can be administered intranasally?
Live attenuated flu vaccine
What happens if a patient sneezes during an intranasal vaccine?
Just leave it alone; don’t redose
