Immunity vocab Flashcards
Stratum Corneum
Outermost layer of skin
Immunology
Encompassses the study of all feautrues of the body’s 2nd and 3rd lines of defense
Self
Body cells
Non Self
foreign bodies
Markers
certain molecules on the surface of cells
Thymus
Where T cells mature
Lymph
Plasma like liquid carried by the lymphatic circulation
Lymph nodes
mall encapsulated bean-shaped orggans stationed along the lymphatic channels and large blood vessels
White Blood Cells
Leukocytes
Whole Blood
conssts of red blood cells and plasma, what is naturally seen
Hematopoieses
the process of forming new red blood cells
WBC
RBC
White blood cells
red blood cells
Red blood cells
erythrocytes
Platelets
thrombocytes
Histiocytes
specialized macrophages live in certain tissues and remain there
PAMP
Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern
PAMP definition
how cells identify some microbes as foreign
PRR
Pathogen Recognition Receptor
PRR definition
surface molecules on self cell that recognizes and binds to PAMP
Inflammatory response
a reaction to any traumatic event in the tissues
Vasoactive
affect the endothelial cells ans smooth muscle cells of blood vessels
affecting the diameter of the blood vessel
Edema
local swelling and hardness
Diapedesis
migration of WBC out of blood vessels into tissues
Chemotaxis
the tendecy for cells to move in response to specific chemical stimuli at the site if injury
FUO
Fever of unknown origin
Fever
abnormal elevated body temperature
IFN definition
a small protein produced naturally by certain white blood and tissue cells
IFN
Interferon
1st line defense
any barrier that blocks invasion at the portals of entry by any foreign agents
Bind to cell surfaces and induce changes in genetic expression
2nd line of defense
system of protective cells and fluids that act when the first line is circumvented
IFN Alpha
Stimulate phagocytes
IFN Beta
Stimulate Phagocytes
IFN Gamma
Product of T Cell
Immune regulator of macrophages and T & B cells
Cascade reaction
a sequence of physiological response in which the first substance activates the next substance and so on and so forth
Membrane Attack Complex
large ring of proteins that can digest holes in membranes
Immunocompetence
the ability of the body to react to with countless foreign substances
Antigens
immunogens
Immunogens
typically protein or carbs molecules that stimulate a response by the T and B Cells that are highly individual and specific
MHC
Major Histocompatability Complex
MHC definition
Set of genes that code for human cell markers or receptors
HLA
Human Leukocyte Antigen
IG
Immunoglobulin
Immunoglobulin
Glycoprotein molecue that serves as the antigen receptors f B Cells and antibodies when secreted
Antigen Binding Site
end of the forks formed by light and heavy chains
Variable Regions
amino acid composition is highly varied from one clone to another on antigen binding sites
Constant regions
amino acid content does not vary greatly from one antibody to another on antigen binding sites
Clonal Expansion
B or T cell rapidly multiplies
Clonal selection
the exact correct B or T cell is activate
Clonal Deletion
the destruction of harmful clones that target self
Epitope
Molecular fragment that signal that a molecule is foreign
Hapton
Foreign material that is too small to illicit a response
Alloantigens
cell surface markers and molecules that occur in some hosts of the same species but not other
Superantigens
a group of immunogens
APC
antigen presenting cell
T Cell indepent anitgens
antigens that directly trigger the B Cells to respond without an APC or Hepler T
Effector Cells
perform the action of the system
NK
Natural Killer Cells
Fragments (Ig)
segments on an Ig
Fab
the arms that antigen are termed antigen binding fragments
Fc
crystallizable fragments, the first segments to become chrystalized in its pure form
Natural Immunity
any immunity gained through normal life experiences
Artificial immunity
Protection acquired through medical procedures
Active Immunity
the body is sensitized and produces antibodies
Passive Immunity
the individual recieves antibodies produced in another body
Neutralization
prevent proper antigen attachment
Agglutinate
causes the antigen to clump
antitoxins
neutralize exotoxins
Opsonization
Marks a cell for destruction
Immunopathology
the study of disease states assoiciated with overactivity or underactivity
hyposensitivity disease
immunodeficency, immune functioni is incomplete, depressed, or destroyed
Oversensitivity
the body cant distinguuish self from non-self
Allergy
exaggerated immune response that is manifested by inflammation
allergens
allergy causing antigen
inhalant allergens
airborne
ingestant allergens
enter by mouth
Contactant allergens
enter through the skin
Atopy
any chronic local allergy
Anaphylaxis
systematic and potentially fatal reaction that involves airway obstruction and ciculatory collapse
Cutaneous anaphylaxis
wheal and flare reaction to local injection of allergen
Systemic anaphylaxis
sudden respiratory reaction
Degranulation
a cellular process that releases antimicrobial cytotoxic or other molecules from secretory vesicles called granules found inside some cells
alloantigens
molecules that differ in the same species
autoimmunity
hypersensitivity to oneself
Primary disease
acquired at birth and stemming from genetic error
secondary disease
acquired after birth and caused by natural/artifical agents
