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MicroBio Immunity > Immunity 3 > Flashcards

Immunity 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the difference between the 3rd and the 1st & 2nd

A

specific response
Occurs only after and immunizing event (infection)
Has specificity and memory

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2
Q

B lymphocytes + T lymphocytes result in

A

Acquired Immunity

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3
Q

How many stages does the 3rd line of defense?

A

4 stages

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4
Q

What are the stages of the 3rd line

A
  1. Maturation
  2. presentation of antigens
  3. Challenge of T & B cells
  4. Response
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5
Q

Cell Marker are important for

A

recognition
detection
communication

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6
Q

what is the site of maturation of B Cells

A

the bone marrow

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7
Q

What is the site of maturation of T Cells

A

Thymus

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8
Q

What are the surface markers of B Cells

A

Ig

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9
Q

What are the surface markers for T Cells

A

T cell receptor

CD

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10
Q

Antigen receptors for B Cells

A

Ig

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11
Q

Antigen receptors for T Cells

A

T Cell receptors

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12
Q

Which Lymphocyte is in high circulation in the blood

A

T Cells

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13
Q

Which Lymphocyte does NOT require MHC APC

A

B Cells

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14
Q

Stimulation of T cells produce

A

Cytotoxic
Regulatory
Helper
Memory

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15
Q

Plasma and memory cells are produced by

A

B Cell

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16
Q

Produce anitbodies to inactivate antigens

A

B Cells

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17
Q

Help other Cells
Kill infected cells
Make cytokines
Mediate Hypersensitivity

A

T Cells

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18
Q

Are T Cell receptors Secreted

A

No

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19
Q

T Cell main receptors

A

CD3
CD4
CD8

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20
Q

What are the 3 clonal mechanisms?

A

Clonal Selection
Clonal Expansion
Clonal Deletion

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21
Q

which clonal mechanism keeps the T & B Cells from attacking self

A

Clonal Deletion

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22
Q

Does an antigen have to infect the body for Lymphocytes to develop receptors for it

A

No, lymphocytes posses all receptors without needing to have contact with an antigen

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23
Q

Lymphocytes have what kind of specificity

A

Single

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24
Q

What does single specificity mean

A

the lymphocyte reacts to a single antigen

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25
Q

Cell proliferation is which clonal mechanism

A

Cell Expansion

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26
Q

What is Stage 1

A

B & T Cell maturation

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27
Q

Are all substances immunogens?

A

No, substances must fulfill certain requirements

28
Q

What are the requirements to be an immuogen

A

Foreigness
Size
Shape
Accessibility

29
Q

What materials tend to be the most immunogenic

A

Complex molecules
Proteins
Larger molecules

30
Q

The 3 APCs

A

Macrophage
B Cells
Dendritic Cells

31
Q

What happens when B and T cells are challenged by an antigen

A

The cells begin to proliferate and differentiate

32
Q

What happens when T Cells are stimulated

A

T and B Cells, and phagocytes mobilize

33
Q

How are T Cells activated?

A

an antigen comes in contact with with a T Cell receptor

34
Q

What types of T Cells are made during the 4th stage of the Third Line of defense

A

Effector Cells
Memory Cells
Regulatory Cells

35
Q

Effector Cells

A

Cytotoxic T Cells

Helper T Cells

36
Q

what are the purpose of effector Cells

A

The Cells that actively defend the body against infections

37
Q

What are functions of helper cells

A

Activate macrophages and Cytotoxic T Cells
Drives B Cell Proliferation
Promotes inflammation
Activates CMI Pathways

38
Q

What are Ctytotoxic target cells?

A

Viral infected cells
Cancerous Cells
Cells from other organisms

39
Q

How does Cytotoxic T Cells kill infected cells?

A

Lysis

40
Q

Does T Cells secrete antibodies?

A

No they do not

41
Q

What cells do B Cells differentiate into when stimulated by antigens

A

Plasma Cells

Memory Cells

42
Q

What is the significance of Memory cells

A

Ensures that some of the B Cells survive with the knowledge of that specific pathogen so the body can respond faster

43
Q

What are the types of immunity

A

Passive natural and artifical

Active natural and artifical

44
Q

what is an example of active natural immunity

A

get sick

45
Q

Example of Passive natural

A

Breat-feeding

Immunity gained through the mother

46
Q

Example of artifical Passive

A

Antibody therapy

47
Q

What type of immunity are vaccines

A

Active Artifical

48
Q

What do vaccines do?

A

Stimulate a primary response and memory response

must contain the antigen without causing disease

49
Q

what are the some methods of preparation

A

Whole

Subunits

50
Q

examples of whole vaccines

A

Living attenuated

Inactivated

51
Q

Subunit preparatation

A

genetically engineeered
from cultures
cunjugated viruses
Chemically synthesized

52
Q

what are the pros of Passive immunity

A

Useful for specific infections
useful on immunocompromised patients
Good when no antimicrobial is unavailable

53
Q

What is a con of passive immunity

A

short term

54
Q

Pros of live vaccines

A

Microbe behaves like wild microbe but does not spread disease
long-lasting protection

55
Q

Cons of live vaccines

A

can be transmitted

can mutate and regain virulence

56
Q

what are characteristics of Active immunity

A

creates a memory reaction
takes several days to acquire
last for a long period of time

57
Q

What are characteristics of Passive immunity

A

lack memory reaction
lack antibody reproduction
protection begins immediately
short-term

58
Q

antibodies

A 
Neutralization
Agglutinate
Antitoxins
Opsonization
Trigger complement
59
Q

neutralization

A

prevent proper antigen attatchment

60
Q

Agglutinate

A

causes antigens to clump together

61
Q

Antitioxin

A

Neutralizes exotoxins

62
Q

Opsonization

A

Marks cells for destruction

63
Q

which Ig is secretory and are gotten from mother

A

IgA

64
Q

Whigh Ig is the first responder

A

IgM

65
Q

IgM are what shape

A

pentagonal shaped

66
Q

the most common Ig

A

IgG

67
Q

if IgG> IgM the infection is

A

Chronic

MicroBio Immunity (5 decks)

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