Immunity 3 Flashcards
What is the difference between the 3rd and the 1st & 2nd
specific response
Occurs only after and immunizing event (infection)
Has specificity and memory
B lymphocytes + T lymphocytes result in
Acquired Immunity
How many stages does the 3rd line of defense?
4 stages
What are the stages of the 3rd line
- Maturation
- presentation of antigens
- Challenge of T & B cells
- Response
Cell Marker are important for
recognition
detection
communication
what is the site of maturation of B Cells
the bone marrow
What is the site of maturation of T Cells
Thymus
What are the surface markers of B Cells
Ig
What are the surface markers for T Cells
T cell receptor
CD
Antigen receptors for B Cells
Ig
Antigen receptors for T Cells
T Cell receptors
Which Lymphocyte is in high circulation in the blood
T Cells
Which Lymphocyte does NOT require MHC APC
B Cells
Stimulation of T cells produce
Cytotoxic
Regulatory
Helper
Memory
Plasma and memory cells are produced by
B Cell
Produce anitbodies to inactivate antigens
B Cells
Help other Cells
Kill infected cells
Make cytokines
Mediate Hypersensitivity
T Cells
Are T Cell receptors Secreted
No
T Cell main receptors
CD3
CD4
CD8
What are the 3 clonal mechanisms?
Clonal Selection
Clonal Expansion
Clonal Deletion
which clonal mechanism keeps the T & B Cells from attacking self
Clonal Deletion
Does an antigen have to infect the body for Lymphocytes to develop receptors for it
No, lymphocytes posses all receptors without needing to have contact with an antigen
Lymphocytes have what kind of specificity
Single
What does single specificity mean
the lymphocyte reacts to a single antigen
Cell proliferation is which clonal mechanism
Cell Expansion
What is Stage 1
B & T Cell maturation
Are all substances immunogens?
No, substances must fulfill certain requirements
What are the requirements to be an immuogen
Foreigness
Size
Shape
Accessibility
What materials tend to be the most immunogenic
Complex molecules
Proteins
Larger molecules
The 3 APCs
Macrophage
B Cells
Dendritic Cells
What happens when B and T cells are challenged by an antigen
The cells begin to proliferate and differentiate
What happens when T Cells are stimulated
T and B Cells, and phagocytes mobilize
How are T Cells activated?
an antigen comes in contact with with a T Cell receptor
What types of T Cells are made during the 4th stage of the Third Line of defense
Effector Cells
Memory Cells
Regulatory Cells
Effector Cells
Cytotoxic T Cells
Helper T Cells
what are the purpose of effector Cells
The Cells that actively defend the body against infections
What are functions of helper cells
Activate macrophages and Cytotoxic T Cells
Drives B Cell Proliferation
Promotes inflammation
Activates CMI Pathways
What are Ctytotoxic target cells?
Viral infected cells
Cancerous Cells
Cells from other organisms
How does Cytotoxic T Cells kill infected cells?
Lysis
Does T Cells secrete antibodies?
No they do not
What cells do B Cells differentiate into when stimulated by antigens
Plasma Cells
Memory Cells
What is the significance of Memory cells
Ensures that some of the B Cells survive with the knowledge of that specific pathogen so the body can respond faster
What are the types of immunity
Passive natural and artifical
Active natural and artifical
what is an example of active natural immunity
get sick
Example of Passive natural
Breat-feeding
Immunity gained through the mother
Example of artifical Passive
Antibody therapy
What type of immunity are vaccines
Active Artifical
What do vaccines do?
Stimulate a primary response and memory response
must contain the antigen without causing disease
what are the some methods of preparation
Whole
Subunits
examples of whole vaccines
Living attenuated
Inactivated
Subunit preparatation
genetically engineeered
from cultures
cunjugated viruses
Chemically synthesized
what are the pros of Passive immunity
Useful for specific infections
useful on immunocompromised patients
Good when no antimicrobial is unavailable
What is a con of passive immunity
short term
Pros of live vaccines
Microbe behaves like wild microbe but does not spread disease
long-lasting protection
Cons of live vaccines
can be transmitted
can mutate and regain virulence
what are characteristics of Active immunity
creates a memory reaction
takes several days to acquire
last for a long period of time
What are characteristics of Passive immunity
lack memory reaction
lack antibody reproduction
protection begins immediately
short-term
antibodies
Neutralization Agglutinate Antitoxins Opsonization Trigger complement
neutralization
prevent proper antigen attatchment
Agglutinate
causes antigens to clump together
Antitioxin
Neutralizes exotoxins
Opsonization
Marks cells for destruction
which Ig is secretory and are gotten from mother
IgA
Whigh Ig is the first responder
IgM
IgM are what shape
pentagonal shaped
the most common Ig
IgG
if IgG> IgM the infection is
Chronic
