Immunity 1 and 2 Flashcards
Notes on the first and second line
PRR exist even before encountering a specific bacteria
True
Inflammatory responses are general responses
true
characteristics of FUO
fever greater than 101 F
lasts longer that 3 weeks
cause is not determined in 1 week
IFN Alpha stimulates
phagocytosis
IFN Beta stimulates
phagocytosis
IFN Gamma are products of
T cells
IFN Alpha and Beta are products of
nmany cells including lymphocytes, ,fibroblasts and macrophages
IFN Gamma are
immune regulators of macrophages and T & B cells
Immune systems are responsible for
body survellience
recognition and destruction of foreign bodies
How many lines of defense are there
3
How many lines are innate?
1
What are the names of the innate and non specific lines of defense?
1st and second line
What are the major types first line defenses?
Physical barriers
chemical barriers
genetic components
System of protective cells and fluids that act w hen the first line is circumvented
Second Line of Defense (non-specific)
Second line Mechanisms
Phagocytosis
Fever
Inflammation
Antimicrobial Proteins
Functions of Phagocytes
survey tissues for targets
engulfment
Antigen extraction from foreign matter
Types of phagocytes
neutrophiles Macrophages Dendritic Cells Mast Cells Eoisinophils
How many steps are in phagocytosis?
6
What are the steps for phagocytosis
Chemotaxis adhesion engulfment phagolysosome Destruction Elimination
What happens during Chemotaxis and adhesion
the phagocyte find the antigen and the antigen binds to the phagocytes MHC II receptor
The immunogen is taken into the phagocyte and is stored within a phagosome in the cytoplasm of the phagocyte
Engulfment
Phagolysosome
The phagosome fuses with lysosome to kill the antigen
Characteristics of inflammation
Rubor
Calor
Tumor
Dolor
The site of inflammation appears red
Rubor
The site of inflammation is experencing discomfort or pain
Dolor
The sight of the infection is raised and seems full
Tumor
The sight of the infection feels hot
Calor
What can cause inflammation
Infection
Tissue injury
phys and chem agents
specific immune reactions
Function of Inflammation
Mobilize and attract immune components
Start repair
Clear away antigenic substances
Destroy microbes and prevent further infection
What are the stages of inflammation
INJURY
Vascular reaction
edema
Resolution
how many steps are in there in the inflammation process
4
What initiates Fever?
when pyrogens reset the hypothalamic thermostat to a a higher temperature
what substance causes fever?
pyrogens
Types of pyrogens
Exogenous and Endogenous
substance comes from inside the body
endogenous
substance comes from outside the body
exogenous
what does fever reduce?
antigen reproduction
bacterial METABOLISM
Iron and Sugar availability
What does fever increase?
Body temp
WBC count
Types of antimicrobial proteins
INF
Complement
Iron-binding proteins (Siderphore)
Peptides (Defensin)
What are the steps of Complement
Initiation Amplification cascade polmerization membrane attack
what is amplified by complement
inflammation
what are 3 results of complement
Lysis
inflammation
opsonization
the marking of cells or antigens for destruction
Opsonization
What are markers made of
proteins and/or sugar
What do markers distinguish
Self and nonself
How many body body compartments are there?
4
What are the body compartments?
Reticuloendothelial System
Lymohatic system
Extracellular Fluid
vascular system
function of RES
provides passage btwn tissues and organs
functions of the Lymphatic System
surveillance
recognition
protection
Drain for inflammatory reaction
What can Cytokines do?
Mediation of nonspecific immune reactions and vasoactive reactions
regulate growth and activation of lymphocytes
