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Immunology > Immunity to Viruses > Flashcards

Immunity to Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

how many genes does poliovirus have?

A

10

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2
Q

how many genes does herpes have?

A

200

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3
Q

what viruses possess an envelope?

A

HIV, Influenza a

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4
Q

How do viruses usually enter the body?

A

via mucosal surfaces

epithelial cells

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5
Q

what family is epstein barr virus from

A

herpesvirus

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6
Q

what type of virus is EBV

A

DNA virus

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7
Q

what does EBV cause in young people

A

mononucleosis

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8
Q

what receptor is SARS COVID 19

A

ACE2

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9
Q

what receptor is HIV

A

cd4

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10
Q

what cell type is infected in HIV

A

Th cells

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11
Q

what cell is infected in polio virus

A

neurons

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12
Q

what receptor is human herpes virus

A

CD46

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13
Q

Example of a persistant virus

A

hep B

epstein barr

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14
Q

what do TLR trigger

A

interferon and cytokine production

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15
Q

what are tlr

A

toll like receptor

innate response

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16
Q

what TLR detect dsRNA

A

TLR3

17
Q

what TLR detects ssRNA

A

TLR7

18
Q

What TLR detects dsDNA

A

TLR9

19
Q

what do interferons activate

A

antiviral response in neighboring cells

20
Q

what detects capped ssRNA viruses in cytoplasm

A

MDA5

21
Q

what detects uncapped ssRNA viruses in cytoplasm

A

RIG1

22
Q

what inflammatory cytokines are released in response to a viral infection

A

IL8 TNFa

23
Q

what do plasmacytoid dendritic cells release?

A

large amounts of type 1 interferons IFNa and IFNB

24
Q

what are pDCs stimulated by?

A

TLR7 and TLR9

25
Q

what are the stages in antiviral effects of antibody?

A

neutralization
opsonisation
ADCC

26
Q

How do antibodies neutralize viruses?

A

block binding and entry to cell, block uncoating of virus

(+ complement) damage envelope and block receptor

27
Q

How do antibodies and complement opsonize viruses?

A

lyse infected cell

and opsonization of coated cells for phagocytosis

28
Q

How do antibodies ADCC viruses?

A

NK cells, macrophage and neutrophils

- apoptosis

29
Q

what does ADCC stand for

A

antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity

30
Q

what does MHC do

A

presents all cellular peptides to trigger a CTL response

31
Q

how do ctls recognise a virus

A

Viral peptide

MHC Class I

32
Q

how do NK recognise a virus

A

lack of MHC class I

33
Q

how do phagocytes recognise apoptotic bodies?

A

phosphatidylserine residues

34
Q

what is perforin?

A

a granule protein that generates transmembrane pores on surface of target cell
- other granule contents to enter

35
Q

what do granules contain

A

caspases - cleave substrates

DNase

36
Q

what triggers apoptotic cell death

A

Fas

37
Q

mechanisms of immune invasion by viruses

A 
antigenic variation
decoy MHC molecules (CMV)
immunosuppressive cytokines
inhibit complement/ innate response
homologues of cytokines
38
Q

what is IL10

A

a pleiotropic cytokine with immunosuppresive properties

Immunology (10 decks)

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