Immunity to Viruses

Question 1

how many genes does poliovirus have?

Answer 1

10

Question 2

how many genes does herpes have?

Answer 2

200

Question 3

what viruses possess an envelope?

Answer 3

HIV, Influenza a

Question 4

How do viruses usually enter the body?

Answer 4

via mucosal surfaces

epithelial cells

Question 5

what family is epstein barr virus from

Answer 5

herpesvirus

Question 6

what type of virus is EBV

Answer 6

DNA virus

Question 7

what does EBV cause in young people

Answer 7

mononucleosis

Question 8

what receptor is SARS COVID 19

Answer 8

ACE2

Question 9

what receptor is HIV

Answer 9

cd4

Question 10

what cell type is infected in HIV

Answer 10

Th cells

Question 11

what cell is infected in polio virus

Answer 11

neurons

Question 12

what receptor is human herpes virus

Answer 12

CD46

Question 13

Example of a persistant virus

Answer 13

hep B

epstein barr

Question 14

what do TLR trigger

Answer 14

interferon and cytokine production

Question 15

what are tlr

Answer 15

toll like receptor

innate response

Question 16

what TLR detect dsRNA

Answer 16

TLR3

Question 17

what TLR detects ssRNA

Answer 17

TLR7

Question 18

What TLR detects dsDNA

Answer 18

TLR9

Question 19

what do interferons activate

Answer 19

antiviral response in neighboring cells

Question 20

what detects capped ssRNA viruses in cytoplasm

Answer 20

MDA5

Question 21

what detects uncapped ssRNA viruses in cytoplasm

Answer 21

RIG1

Question 22

what inflammatory cytokines are released in response to a viral infection

Answer 22

IL8 TNFa

Question 23

what do plasmacytoid dendritic cells release?

Answer 23

large amounts of type 1 interferons IFNa and IFNB

Question 24

what are pDCs stimulated by?

Answer 24

TLR7 and TLR9

Question 25

what are the stages in antiviral effects of antibody?

Answer 25

neutralization
opsonisation
ADCC

Question 26

How do antibodies neutralize viruses?

Answer 26

block binding and entry to cell, block uncoating of virus

(+ complement) damage envelope and block receptor

Question 27

How do antibodies and complement opsonize viruses?

Answer 27

lyse infected cell

and opsonization of coated cells for phagocytosis

Question 28

How do antibodies ADCC viruses?

Answer 28

NK cells, macrophage and neutrophils

- apoptosis

Question 29

what does ADCC stand for

Answer 29

antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity

Question 30

what does MHC do

Answer 30

presents all cellular peptides to trigger a CTL response

Question 31

how do ctls recognise a virus

Answer 31

Viral peptide

MHC Class I

Question 32

how do NK recognise a virus

Answer 32

lack of MHC class I

Question 33

how do phagocytes recognise apoptotic bodies?

Answer 33

phosphatidylserine residues

Question 34

what is perforin?

Answer 34

a granule protein that generates transmembrane pores on surface of target cell
- other granule contents to enter

Question 35

what do granules contain

Answer 35

caspases - cleave substrates

DNase

Question 36

what triggers apoptotic cell death

Answer 36

Fas

Question 37

mechanisms of immune invasion by viruses

Answer 37

antigenic variation
decoy MHC molecules (CMV)
immunosuppressive cytokines
inhibit complement/ innate response
homologues of cytokines

Question 38

what is IL10

Answer 38

a pleiotropic cytokine with immunosuppresive properties