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Gen Med > immunity pt 2 > Flashcards

immunity pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

cell mediated immunity

A

T-lymphocytes - start in pone marrow, mature in thymus

activated with Ag –> sensitized T cell

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2
Q

activated T cell roles

A 
production of lympohkines
cytotoxic T cells
T helper  cells
T suppressor cells
T memory cells
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3
Q

CD4 T - cells

A

75% of all T cells

secrete lymphkines

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4
Q

lymphokines - MIF

A

migration inhibitory factor

inhibits microphages from leaving

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5
Q

lymphokines - MCF

A

macrophage chemotactic factor

attracts macrophages to site of Ag

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6
Q

lymphokines - BF

A

blastogenic factor

induces proliferation of more specific T cells and B cells

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7
Q

lymphokines - interferon

A

antiviral agent

interferes w/ viral replication

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8
Q

suppressor or regulator T cells

A

suppress activation of the immune system and prevent pathological self reactivity or autoimmune diease

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9
Q

cytotoxic T cells (CD8)

A

helps other T cells recognize and destroy virally infected cells

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10
Q

T memory cells

A

repsond to second exposure of the same Ag must chaster as a rule

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11
Q

cell mediate immunity involved in

A 
viral infections
fungal infections
some bacterial infections
delayed hypersensititivies 
graft rejection
cancer suveillance
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12
Q

HI review

A

directly from bone marrow
larger cells
shorter life span (days)
non circulating

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13
Q

CMI review

A

starts in bone marrow - mature in thymus
small cells
longer life span (weeks)
circulating cells

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14
Q

innate states of immunity

A

physiological

anatomical

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15
Q

acquired states of immunity

A

artificial
natural
active
passive

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16
Q

active acquired immunity

A

protection acquired by introduction of an Ag

intended to last a lifetime BUT some mutate too quickly for vaccine to keep up (flu)

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17
Q

passive acquired immunity - naturally

A

Ab transplacentally or through colostrum and breast milk

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18
Q

passive acquired immunity - artificially

A

Ab or sensitized lymphocytes produced by one person are transferred to another
usually short duration - until Ab are degrated

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19
Q

two phases in generation of an immune reponse

A

primary and secondary

20
Q

primary response

A

when Ag is first encountered
slow
weak response allows invader enough time to cause illness

IgM first to be produced

21
Q

secondary response

A

the next time the antigen is encountered

quicker and stronger each time
memory B cells recognize antigen and all begin to divide quickly
lots of plasma cells - esp IgG

22
Q

immune response will end when

A

the antigen that caused it is no longer present.

23
Q

aging and immune system

A

immune fx declines w/ increasing age
changes are observed in both innate and acquired immunity defenses
end result is reduced resistance to pathogens and increased incidence of tumors and autoimmune disorders

24
Q

iatrogenic

A

medical disorder caused by diagnosis manner or treatment of a physician

urinary catheters, nasogastric tubes, chest tubes, external fixations devices, implanted prostheses

25
Q

exercise

A

can suppress immune function depending on intensity, activity or exercise

moderate exercise can enhance the immune system

strenuous/long duration ex followed by impairment of the immune system

26
Q

mild respiratory infections

A

don’t need to restrict training/competition

but many report increase in symptoms after stenuous training and a decline in symptoms after moderated training

27
Q

AIDS

A

HIV 1 and 2

characterized by progressive destruction of Cmi changes in HI

leaves infected person susceptible to opportunistic infections

28
Q

HIV infection spectrum

A
  1. asymptomatic HIV seropositive - State I
  2. early symptomatic HIV - stage II
  3. HIV advanced disease (AIDS) - stage III
29
Q

does everyone who is exposed to HIV develop AIDS?

A

no

30
Q

AIDS pathogenesis

A

infection by HIV retrovirus (only detectable by lab tests) infects human T4 (destroys or inactivates them). Macrophages and B cells are also infected. CD4 cells have receptors allowing direct passage of infection to target cells. viral genome eventually becomes integrated into host DNA and duplicated –> cell death.

31
Q

seroconversion (HIV +)

A

usually takes place during first 3-6 weeks of viral replication but can take longer

after a few months, very little HIV virus is found - only HIB Ab remain in serum

32
Q

asymptomatic HIV seropositive (Stage I)

A

CD4 > 500 cells / mL
demonstrates lab evidence of seroconversion but remains asymptomatic
clinically healthy; normal activities, work habits and unrestricted level and duration of exercise

33
Q

early symptomatic HIV (stage II)

A

CD4 count 200-500 cells / m:
immune system more compomised

variedy of symptoms - diarrhea, weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, fevers

more than half of the adults w/ HIV report fatigue that limits physical and recreation activities (half unable to attend school/work)

34
Q

HIV advanced disease (Stage III)

A

CD4 < 200 cells/mL

neuro manifestations are many and can involve central, peripheral, autonomic NS

HIV or AIDS encephalophaty primary infection of brain

more advanced: severe dementia, mutism, incontinence, paraplegia may occur

dermatological conditions - malignancies, bacterial, viral, fungal

35
Q

AIDs pain syndromes

A
  1. pain directly related to HIV infection or immunosuppression
  2. pain caused by HIV diagnostic procedures and tx
  3. pain unrelated to AIDS or its tx
36
Q

AIDS and rehab

A

should be like a chronic illness on a continuum
physical fitness and strength training, ADL’s pain management, posture, gait, balance; be aware of seizures and cognitive deficits
advanced stages will find CP complications; muscles and joint mobe tenchinqiues and breathing exercises

37
Q

HIV and exercise

A

exercise does not exacerbate the progression of HIV and may slow it

moderate aerobic exercise can increase helper T cell and NK cell counts

no limitations in individuals in Stage I

38
Q

exercise and HIV Stage II and III

A

will require more individualized exercises prescriptions and lower intensities

Stage III strenuous exercise not reocommended

39
Q

Chronic fatigue syndrome

A

unexplained fatigue > 6 months

initially flu like: sore throat, fever, muscle pain, etc

progresses: muscle pain and forgetfulness increase as well as prolonged and overwhelming fatigue]
cyclical pattern of remission and relapse

40
Q

CFS medical management

A

no physical signs or dx lab test to ID

no known cure

tx aimed at symptom relief and improved function

41
Q

FCS and exercise

A

reduced stress diet, prevent overexertion.

MODERATE EXERICSE

monitor vitals

42
Q

autoimmune disease

A

conditions which cause the immune system to turn on itself and become destructive

failure to distinguish from self and non self

systemic or just a single organ

43
Q

organ specific autoimmune disorders

A 
addison's disease
crohn's disease
chronic active hepatities
DM
grave's disease
hasimoto's diease
44
Q

systemic autoimmune disorders

A 
ankylosis spondylitis 
MS
myasthenia gravis
RA 
systemic lupus arythematosus
45
Q

fibromyalgia syndrome

A

falls under rheumatology and commonly associated with other conditions
trigged by emotional stress, viral infection, or trauma.
pain is main issue

46
Q

FMS and exercise

A

lifestyle, ADLS and monitoring of vital

CV fitness training, flexibility exercises, and strength training can improve symptoms

acute: aquatic therapy

avoid overexertion

Gen Med (20 decks)

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