anesthesia Flashcards
general
reversible state of unconsciousness consisting of four components (amnesia, analgesia, inhibition of noxious reflexes, skeletal muscle relaxation) by use of IV and inhaled anesthetics, analgesics, and muscle relaxants
regional
used for site specific sx and is achieved by spinal, epidural, thoracic, lumbar, or peripheral nerve block
procedural sedation
used for brief diagnostic or surgical procedures
characterized by the patients ability to maintain a patent airway w/out intervention, spontaneously ventilate, maintain CV function, and respond purposely to verbal or tactile stim
major effects of general anesthesia
neurologic
metabolic
CV
respiratory
immediate post op phases focuses on
emergence form anesthesia, stat of sx site, pt’s physio status and vital sign trends, ID actual or potential post op problems
post surgical complications: neuro
delayed arousal/consciousness, agitation, delirium, cerebral edema, stroke, perisperhal muscle weakness or altered sensation
post surgical complications: CV
hypertension, hypertension, dysrhythmia, myocardial infarction, DVT, PE, hemorrhage
post surgical complications: respiratory
airway obstruction, hypoxemia, pneumonia, aspiration of gastric contents, hypoventilation, PE, ARDS
post surgical complications: renal
acute renal failure, urine retention, urinary infection
post surgical complications: GI
nausea, vomitting, hiccups, ab distension, bowl obstruction
post surgical complications: integumentary
wounds, infection/complcations, hematoma, skin changes from operative positions
post surgical complications: other
fever, sepsis, hyperglycemia, fluid overload or deficit, electrolyte imbalance
