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Gen Med > immune system pt 1 > Flashcards

immune system pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

initiate immunity

A

nonspecific

non adaptive

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2
Q

acquired immunity

A

specific - recognizes and destroys foreign substances

memory - when same organism is encountered again, body will respond quicker and stronger

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3
Q

immunology

A

study of mechanism that allows the body to recognize materials as foreign and to neutralize/eliminate them

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4
Q

major histocompotbility complex proteins

A

surface markers on your own body’s cells that are unique to you like your fingerprints –> self tolerance

now called human leukocytic antigens HLA

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5
Q

antigen

A

any foreign substance that can cause an immune repsonse

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6
Q

epitope

A

subunits of AG surfaces that can illicit an immune repsonse

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7
Q

antibody

A

“Y” shaped protein molecules that can bind to a specific Ag and disable them

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8
Q

immunoglobulin

A

antibodies of a particular type

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9
Q

starting an immune response

A

carefully orchestrated and controlled interaction b/n immune cells w/ the ultimate goal to eliminate the invader by pathogenic specific mechanism

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10
Q

immune cells develop

A

in primary organs (bone marrow and thymus)

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11
Q

immune response occur

A

secondary organs

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12
Q

thymus

A

glandular organ near heart where T cells learn their jobs

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13
Q

bone marrow

A

blood producing tissue located inside certain bones

blood stem cells give rise to all of the different types of blood cells

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14
Q

spleet

A

serves as a filter for the blood
removes old and damaged RBC
removes infectious agents and uses them to activate cells called lympocytes

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15
Q

lymph nodes

A

small organs that filter out dead cells, antigens, and other stuff to present to lympocytes

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16
Q

lymphatic vessels

A

collect fluid that has leaked out from the blog into tissues and returns it to circulation

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17
Q

physical barriers

A

skin (first and best)
hair
mucous

18
Q

chemical barriers

A 
sweat
tears
saliva
stomach acid
urine
19
Q

inflammatory response

A

chemical and cell respond to injury or localized infection
eliminates the source of infection
promotes wound healing

20
Q

innate - inflammatory response step 1

A

circulation to the site increases - tissue warm, red and swollen

21
Q

innate - inflammatory response step 2

A

WBCs leak into tissue-phagocytes engulf and destroy bacteria

22
Q

release of histamine and prostaglandin cause

A

local vessel dilation –>
more WBCs to site
increased blood flow
increased capillary permeability
phagocytes move out of vessels into intracellular fluid
edema due to fluids seeping from cpaillaries

23
Q

positive effect of fever

A

indicate rx to infection
stimulate phagocytosis
slow bacterial growth
increased body temp beyond tolerance of some bacteria

24
Q

negative effect of fever

A

extreme heat - enzyme denaturation and interruption of normal biochecm rex
>39C (103F) is dangerous
>41 C (105F) could be fatal and requires med attention

25
Q

acquired immunity systems

A

humoral immune
cell-mediate immune

overlap and interact, failure of one will alter effectiveness of other - more complex than innate b/c certain cells present to certain Ag

26
Q

humoral immune system

A

mediated by B cells

specific receptors - on B cell surface specific for only one type of AG

27
Q

B cells produce

A

Plasma cell - ultimately secrete AB

memory cells - respond to second exposure of same AG

28
Q

HI - Ab/Ig properties

A

specific protein molecules secreted by stimulated plasma cells
circulate freely in body fluids
effectively bind w/ invading antigens to form Ag-Ab complexes

29
Q

opsonization (Role of Ag-Ab complexes)

A

bio amplification

incorporating the Ag into larger complex making them more obvious

30
Q

complement (C’) (Role of Ag-Ab complexes)

A

binds the Ag-Ab complex to lyses Ag

31
Q

neutralization (Role of Ag-Ab complexes)

A

some Ag’s are neutralized merely by binding w/ Ab

32
Q

Roles of Ag-Ab complexes

A
  1. opsonization
  2. complement
  3. neutralization
33
Q

Hi classes of IG

A 
IgG
IgM
IgA
IgE
IgD
34
Q

IgG

A

major antibacterial and antiviral
predominant Ig in blood
responsible for the protection of the newborn during first 6 months of life
major Ig synthesis during 2nd immune response –> long term/permanent immunity

35
Q

only Ig to cross placenta

A

IgG

36
Q

IgM

A

produced first in immune response largest Ig

37
Q

Ig produced first in immune repsonse

A

IgM

38
Q

IgA

A

defend external body surfaces
found in high conc in areas w/ high mucous membranes
found in secretions
found in respiratory, GI and genitourinary secretions

39
Q

IgE

A

fx during allergic rx by activating mast cells and releasing histamine
response is normal reaction but become excessive in those w/ allergies
primary factor in eliminating parasitic infections

40
Q

IgD

A

found on b-cell sufaces

mainly an Ag receptor
may fx in controlling lymphocyte activation or suppression

41
Q

HI involved in

A
  1. bacterial infections
  2. some viral infections
  3. allergies
  4. anaphylactic shock
  5. cancer surveillance

Gen Med (20 decks)

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