Immunity glossary Flashcards

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1
Q

What are agglutinins?

A

Chemicals that cause pathogens to clump together so they are easier for phagocytes to engulf and digest

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2
Q

What are cytokines?

A

Cell-signalling molecules that are produced in damaged tissues that attract phagocytes to the site of infection/inflammation

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3
Q

Where are cytokines produced?

A

Mast cells

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4
Q

What is inflammation?

A

Biological response of vascular tissues to pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants resulting in pain, heat, redness, and swelling

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5
Q

What are antitoxins?

A

Chemicals that bind to toxins (produced by pathogens) so they no longer have an effect

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6
Q

What are histamines?

A

Chemicals that make blood vessels dilate and the blood vessel walls leaky

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7
Q

Where are histamines produced?

A

Mast cells

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8
Q

What are interleukins?

A

A type of cytokine produced by helper T cells

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9
Q

What are antibodies?

A

Y-shaped glycoproteins made in the B cells in response to the presence of an antigen

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10
Q

What are B lymphocytes?

A

Lymphocytes which mature in the bone marrow and that are involved in the production of antibodies

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11
Q

What are autoimmune diseases?

A

Diseases that are the result of abnormal immune responses that attack normally present tissues

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12
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Specialised vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes for the breakdown of waste materials within a cell

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13
Q

What are B effector cells?

A

B lymphocytes that divide to form plasma cell clones

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14
Q

What are killer T cells?

A

T lymphocytes that destroy pathogens carrying a specific antigen with perforin

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15
Q

What are antigen-antibody complexes?

A

The complex formed when an antibody binds to an antigen

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16
Q

What are T regulator cells?

A

T lymphocytes that suppress and control the immune system, stopping the response once a pathogen has been destroyed and preventing an autoimmune response

17
Q

What are lymphocytes?

A

White blood cells that make up the specific immune system

18
Q

What are antigen-presenting cells?

A

A cell that displays foreign antigens complexed with major histocompatibility complexes on their surfaces

19
Q

What are Phagosomes?

A

The vesicle in which a pathogen or damaged cell is engulfed by a phagocyte

20
Q

What are T lymphocytes?

A

Lymphocytes which mature in the thymus gland and that both stimulate the B lymphocytes and directly kill pathogens