ATP (Y1) Flashcards

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1
Q

Give 3 examples of activities in organisms that require energy

A
  • synthesis of large molecules e.g proteins
  • movement e.g protein fibres in muscle cells that cause muscle contraction
  • transport e.g pumping of molecules or ions across cell membranes via active transport
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2
Q

What does ATP stand for?

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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3
Q

What does ADP stand for?

A

Adenosine diphosphate

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4
Q

What does ATP consists of?

A

Adenine, ribose, and 3 phosphate groups

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5
Q

What does the hydrolysis of ATP produce?

A

An Inorganic phosphate, energy and ADP

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6
Q

What is removed from ATP in the hydrolysis of it?

A

A phosphate groups

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7
Q

What is the role of respiration in terms of ATP?

A

It reforms ATP using the energy from glucose

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8
Q

Define phosphorylation

A

Is the reattaching of a phosphate group to an ADP molecule

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9
Q

Why is ATP not a good store of energy?

A

The phosphate bonds are relatively unstable

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10
Q

What are the 5 properties of ATP that make it ideally suited to being an energy transfer molecule?

A
  • it its small
  • it is water soluble
  • it contains bonds between phosphates with intermediate energy
  • it is easily generated
  • releases energy in small quantities
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11
Q

How does ATP being small suit it to its function?

A

it can move easily into, out of, and within cells

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12
Q

How does ATP being water soluble suit it to its function?

A

energy requiring processes happen in aqueous solution

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13
Q

How does ATP containing bonds between phosphates with intermediate energy suit it to its function?

A

it contains enough energy to be useful but not so much that energy is wasted

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14
Q

How does ATP being easily generated suit it to its function?

A

Can be recharged with energy

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15
Q

How does ATP releasing energy in small quantities suit it to its function?

A

suitable for most cellular needs and prevents energy being wasted

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16
Q

What does the body use to store energy?

A

Lipids and carbohydrates

17
Q

What are the 3 structural similarities between ATP, ADP, DNA nucleotides, and RNA nucleotides?

A
  • all contain a pentose sugar
  • all contain nitrogenous bases
  • all contain one phosphate group
18
Q

What is the difference in bases between ATP, ADP, DNA nucleotides, and RNA nucleotides?

A

ATP and ADP the nitrogenous base is always Adenine

19
Q

What is the difference in the phosphate groups between ATP, ADP, DNA nucleotides, and RNA nucleotides?

A

ATP has 3
ADP has 2
DNA and RNA nucleotides have 1

20
Q

What is the difference in the pentose sugars between ATP, ADP, DNA nucleotides, and RNA nucleotides?

A

RNA nucleotides, ADP, and ATP contain ribose as the pentose sugar but in DNA molecules the sugar is deoxyribose