Classification Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms?

A

Plantae, animalia, fungi, prokaryote, protocstita

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2
Q

Define classification

A

Putting similar organisms into groups based on shared similarities e.g anatomy, physiology, behaviour

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3
Q

Define taxonomy

A

The study of principles of classification

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4
Q

Define taxon

A

a group

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5
Q

Define hierarchy

A

A series of smaller and smaller groups

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6
Q

Define phylogeny

A

The study of evolutionary relationship between organisms

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7
Q

What modern evidence is available to taxonomists now?

A
  • DNA/genes
  • RNA
  • Amino acids + proteins
  • Lipid structure in membranes
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8
Q

In order, what is the taxonomic hierarchy?

A
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus 
Species
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9
Q

What are the criteria for being a species?

A
  • interbreeding group
  • produce viable and fertile offspring
  • have similarities in anatomy, biochemistry
  • share common ancestry
  • occupy some ecological niche
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10
Q

Why is it important to have a universal system fir naming organisms?

A

So a specific organism can be identified

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11
Q

What are the rules for writing the name of a species?

A

Genus species (Genus beginning with a capital letter, followed by species beginning with a lowercase letter)

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12
Q

Define species

A

An interbreeding group capable of producing viable and fertile offspring which have similarities in anatomy, biochemistry, and physiology and share common ancestry

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13
Q

Why are horses and donkeys considered separate species?

A

Though able to interbreed, they are not able to produce fertile offspring

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14
Q

Why are mules not considered a separate species?

A

They are infertile

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15
Q

Why do mules not have a scientific name?

A

They are not a species

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16
Q

Why does differing numbers of chromosomes in interbreeding animals produce infertile offspring?

A

Meisosis cannot occur as the different numbers of chromosomes mean the chromosomes are unable to match up

17
Q

What is binomial nomenclature?

A

The two name system of naming organisms using genus and species

18
Q

What is a phylogenetic tree?

A

The evolutionary relationships between organisms are represented as a branching tree

19
Q

What is a sister group?

A

Groups with a recent split, the two groups that diverged most recently

20
Q

What is a common ancestor?

A

A group of organisms everything else has evolved from

21
Q

What is a node? (in relation to phylogenetic trees)

A

Divergence of a species

22
Q

What is a tip? (in relation to phylogenetic trees)

A

Present day organisms

23
Q

If two species have a recent divergence, are they closely related?

A

Yes. The more recent the divergence, the more closely related organisms are

24
Q

Which taxon is larger than kingdoms?

25
Under the 3 domain system, how many kingdoms are there?
6
26
What are the characteristics of the kingdom Animalia? (Give 5)
- eukaryotic - multicellular - membrane bound organelles - heterophobic feeders - no cell walls - store food as glycogen
27
What are the characteristics of the kingdom Plantae? (Give 5)
- eukaryotic - cellulose cell walls - chloroplasts - multicellular - autotrophic feeders - food stored as starch - membrane bound organelles
28
What are the characteristics of the kingdom fungi? (Give 5)
- eukaryotic - multi or uni cellular - chitin cell walls - most saprotrophic feeders - store food as glycogen - membrane bound organelles
29
What are the characteristics of the kingdom Prokaryotae? (Give 5)
- prokaryotic - unicellular - peptidoglycan cell walls - DNA not associated with histones - DNA circular - no membrane bound organelles
30
What are the characteristics of protoctista?
Any organism that is excluded from other kingdoms is placed in protoctista
31
What are the 3 domains?
Bacteria, Archae, Eukarya
32
Under the 3 domain system, what are the 6 kingdoms?
- Eubacteria - Archaebacteria - Protoctista - Plantae - Fungi - Animalia
33
Give 3 similarities between the domains of Bacteria and Archae
- circular chromosomes - no nucleus - 70s ribosomes - no membrane bound organelles
34
Give a similarity between the domains of Bacteria and Eukarya
-normal phospholipids in membranes
35
Give 3 similarities between the domains of Eukarya and Archae
- similar DNA replication - histones bound to DNA - No peptidoglycan cell walls - not susceptible to antibiotics - similar RNA polymerase