Cell Structure/ Protein Production

Question 1

Define Eukaryotic cells

Answer 1

Cells containing a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

Question 2

Define ultrastructure

Answer 2

The structures within a cell which can be seen by using an electron microscope

Question 3

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 3

Contains genetic information in the form of DNA

Question 4

What is the function of the nucleolus?

Answer 4

To produce ribosomes

Question 5

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 5

The site of aerobic respiration and ATP production

Question 6

What is the function of vesicles?

Answer 6

To store and transport molecules

Question 7

What is the function of lysosomes?

Answer 7

To break down waste materials in cells

Question 8

What is the function of centrioles?

Answer 8

To assemble and organise spindle fibres during cell division

Question 9

What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 9

Lipid and carbohydrate synthesis and storage

Question 10

What is the function of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 10

The synthesis and transport of protein

Question 11

Define prokaryotic cell

Answer 11

A cell with no membrane-bound nucleus or organelles

Question 12

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 12

The site of protein synthesis

Question 13

What is the function of the golgi apparatus?

Answer 13

Modifies proteins and ‘packages’ them into vesicles

Question 14

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 14

Supports the individual cell and in plants the plant as a whole

Question 15

What is the function of the vacuole?

Answer 15

Makes the cell turgid by pushing against the cell wall, helps to support the plant

Question 16

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

Answer 16

Site of photosynthesis which produces carbohydrates

Question 17

What is the function of cilia?

Answer 17

Move mucus through sweeping movements

Question 18

What is the function of flagella?

Answer 18

Used for movement of the cell

Question 19

What is the outer membrane of the vacuole called?

Answer 19

Tonoplast

Question 20

What are the function of plasmids?

Answer 20

Used to confer beneficial genes between bacterial cells

Question 21

How are ribosomes different in prokaryotic cells to eukaryotic cells?

Answer 21

-Ribosomes are smaller (70s) in prokaryotic cells whereas they are larger 80s ribosomes in eukaryotic cells

Question 22

How is genetic material stored in prokaryotes?

Answer 22

In a single large chromosome rather than in a membrane bound nucleus
Not wrapped around histone proteins

Question 23

What are microvilli used for?

Answer 23

cells whose main function is absorption of small molecules

Question 24

What is the function of pili?

Answer 24

To attach prokaryotes to specific surfaces and other cells

Question 25

What is the order organelles are used in protein production?

Answer 25

-ribosomes on RER -cisternae of RER -transport vesicles via cytoskeleton -golgi apparatus cis face then trans face -secretory vesicles

Question 26

What is the role of the smooth ER in protein production?

Answer 26

Trick question- it isn't used

Question 27

What is the role of the golgi apparatus in protein production?

Answer 27

Structurally modifies proteins

Question 28

What is the role of the rough ER in protein production?

Answer 28

- Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis | - The cisternae packages the proteins into transport vesicles

Question 29

On which bit of the golgi appartatus do proteins enter?

Answer 29

Cis face

Question 30

On which part of the golgi apparatus do proteins leave from?

Answer 30

Trans face

Question 31

What are used to carry proteins that are to be released from the cell?

Answer 31

Secretory vesicles

Question 32

How are vesicles transported within the cell?

Answer 32

Via the cytoskeleton

Question 33

How are proteins released from the cell?

Answer 33

Via exocytosis

Question 34

What happens when the secretory vesicles reach the plasma membrane?

Answer 34

The vesicles fuse with the cell membrane and release their contents by exocytosis

Question 35

When does protein production occur?

Answer 35

-occurs after transcription